6- 




?^/ 



• S 



f^y 



/f/o 



Group ZI[, NO. 57. 



Gi 



GV 701 
.S954 
1910 
Copy 1 



Price 10 cents 



!ALDING 



sin 



[pitfytetic 



>• 



Si*"" 



.^i 






Edited by 

TJ. E.SULLIVAN 



W^A 



^^..nx^xiy^ 



l^gr AMEniCAN Sports Publishing Co.^ 



21 Warren Street, Ne\)r York, 



^^ 




A.G.Spalding & Bros. 

„ MAINTAIN THEIR OWN HOUSES^' > • 
V ' FOR DISTRIBUTING THE '% 

Spalding 

^^^ COMPLETE LINE OF \;.^\ 

Athletic Goods 




THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK IS THE 
FOUNDATION OF FHE SPALDING BUSINESS 



Spalding's 
Athletic Library 

S?i'i%-' .*.>. ' J"'"' i.uiiiM-«(»»ww^^pw^^ Anticipating: the present ten- 

ti dency of the American people 

toward a healthful method of living 
and Enjoyment, Spalding's Athletic 
Library was established in 1892 for 
the purpose of encouraging ath- 
letics in every form, not only by 
publishing the official rules and 
records pertaining to the various 
pastimes, but also by instructing, 
until to-day Spalding's <Athletic 
Library is unique in its own par- 
ticular field and has been conceded 
the greatest educational series on 
athletic and physical training sub- 
jects that has ever been compiled. 
The publication of a distinct 
series of books devoted to athletic 
sports and pastimes and designed 
to occupy the premier place in 
America in its class was an early 
idea of Mr. A. G. Spalding, who 
was one of the first in America 
to publish a handbook devoted to 
athletic sports, Spalding's Official 
Base Ball Guide being the initial 
number, which was followed at intervals with other handbooks on the 
sports prominent in the '70s. 

Spalding's Athletic Library has had the advice and counsel of Mr. A. G. 
Spalding in all of its undertakings, and particularly in all books devoted 
to the national game. This applies especially to Spalding's Official 
Base Ball Guide and Spalding's Official Base Ball Record, both of which 
receive the personal attention of Mr. A. G. Spalding, owing to his early 
connection with the game as the leading pitcher of the champion Boston 
and Chicago teams of 1872-76. His interest does not stop, however, with 
matters pertaining to base ball; there is not a sport that Mr. Spalding 
does not make it his business to become familiar with, and that the 
Library will always maintain its premier place, with Mr. Spalding's able 
counsel at hand, goes without saying. 

The entire series since the Issue of the first number has been under 
the direct personal supervision of Mr. James E. Sullivan, President 
of the American Sports Publishing Company, and the total series of 
consecutive numbers reach an aggregate of considerably over three 
hundred, included in which are many "annuals," that really constitute 
the history of their particular sport in America year by year, back copies 
of which are even now eagerly sought for, constituting as they do the 
really first authentic records of events and official rules that have ever 
been consecutively compiled. 

When Spalding's Athletic Library was founded, seventeen years ago. 
track and field athletics were practically unknown outside the larger 
colleges and a few athletic clubs in the leading cities, which gave occa- 
sional meets, when an entry list of 250 competitors was a subject of com- 
ment; golf was known only by a comparatively few persons; lawn tennis 
had some vogue and base ball was practically the only established field 




A. G. Spalding 



EDITORS OF SPALDING' S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 

sport, and that In a professional way; basket ball had just been invented; 
athletics for the schoolboy— and schoolgirl— were almost unknown, and 
an advocate of class contests in athletics in the schools could not get a 
hearing:. To-day we find the greatest body of athletes in the world la 
the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, which has had 
an entry list at its annual games of over two thousand, and in whoso 
"elementary series" in base ball last year 106 schools competed for the 
trophy emblematic of the championship. 

While Spalding's Athletic Library cannot claim that the rapid growth 
of athletics in this country is due to It solely, the fact cannot be denied 
that the books have had a great deal to do with its encouragement, by 
printing the official rules and instructions for playing the various games 
at a nominal price, within the reach of everyone, with the sole objectj 
that its series might be complete and the one place where a person 
could look with absolute certainty for the particular book in which he 
might be interested. 

In selecting the editors and writers for the various books, the lead- 
ing authority in his particular line has been obtained, with the result 
that no collection of books on athletic subjects can compare with 
Spalding's Athletic Library for the prominence of the various authors 
and their ability to present their subjects in a thorough and practical 
manner. , » . , 

A short sketch of a few of those who have edited some of the lead- 
ing numbers of Spalding's Athletic Library is given herewith: 



JAMES E. SULLIVAN 

President American Sports Publishing Com- 
pany; entered the publishing house of Frank 
Leslie in 1878. and has been connected continu- 
ously with the publishing business since then 
and also as athletic editor of various New 
Yoik papers; was a competing athlete; one of 
the organizers of the Amateur Athletic Union 
of the United States; has been actively on its 
board of governors since its organization until 
the present time, and President for two suc- 
cessive terms; has attended every champion- 
ship meeting in America since 1879 and has officiated in some capacity in 
connection with American amateur championships track and field games 
for nearly twenty-five years; assistant American director Olympic Games, 
Paris, 1900; director Pan-American Exposition athletic department, 1901; 
chief department physical culture Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. 
Louis, 1904; secretary American Committee Olympic Games, at Athens, 
1906; honorary director of Athletics at Jamestown Exposition. 1907; secre- 
tary American Committee Olympic Games, at London, 1908; member of 
the Pastime A. C., New York; honorary member Missouri A. C, St. Louis; 
honorary member Olympic A. C, San Francisco; ex-president Pastime 
A. C, New Jersey A. C, Knickerbocker A. C; president Metropolitan 
Association of the A. A. U. for fifteen years; president Outdoor Recrea- 
tion League; with Dr. Luther H. Gulick organized the Public Schools 
Athletic League of New York, and is now chairman of its games commit- 
tee and member executive committee; was a pioneer in playground work 
and one of the organizers of the Outdoor Recreation League of New York ; 
appointed by President Roosevelt as special commissioner to the Olympic 
Games at Athens, 1906, and decorated by King George I. of the Hellenes 
(Greece) for his services in connection with the Olympic Games; ap- 
pointed special commissioner by President Roosevelt to the Olympic 
Games at London, 1908; appointed by Mayor McClellan, 1908, as membe» 
•f the Board of Education of Greater New York. 




EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLET IC LIBRARY 

WALTER CAMP 

For quarter of a century Mr. Walter Camp 
of Yale has occupied a leading- position in col- 
lege athletics. It is immaterial what organiza- 
tion is suggested for college athletics, or for 
the betterment of conditions, insofar as college 
athletics is concerned, Mr. Camp has always 
played an important part in its conferences, 
and the great interest in and high plane of 
college sport to-day. are undoubtedly due more 
to Mr. Camp than to any other individual. Mr, 
Camp has probably written more on college 
athletics than any other writer and the leading papers and maga- 
zines of America are always anxious to secure his expert opinion on foot 
oall, track and field athletics, base ball and rowing. Mr. Camp has grown 
ii?i.^'^u X^'® athletics and is a part of Yale's remarkable athletic system 
While he has been designated as the 'Father of Foot Ball," it is a well 
known fact that during his college career Mr. Camp was regarded as one 
of the best players that ever represented Yale on the base ball field so 
when we hear of Walter Camp as a foot ball expert we must also remem- 
ber his remarkable knowledge of the game of base ball, of which he is a 
great admirer. Mr. Camp has edited Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide 
since It was first published, and also the Spalding Athletic Library book 
?" How to Play Foot Ball. There is certainly no man in American college 
life better quahfied to write for Spalding's Athletic Library than Mr 
Camp. 




DR. LUTHER HALSEY GULICK 

The leading exponent of physical training 
in America; one who has worked hard to im- 
press the value of physical training in the 
schools; when physical training was combined 
with education at the St. Louis Exposition in 
1904 Dr. Gulick played an important part in 
that congress; he received several awards for 
his good work and had many honors conferred 
upon him; he is the author of a great many 
books on the subject; it was Dr. Gulick, who, 
. 777=^,,. „, actingonthesuggestionof James E. Sullivan, 
organized the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York and 
was its first Secretary; Dr. Gulick was also for several years Director of 
Physical Training in the public schools of Greater New York resigning 
the position to assume the Presidency of the Playground Association of 
America. Dr. Gulick is an authority on all subjects pertaining to phys- 
ical training and the study of the child. "^ vn. *, i, o 





JOHN B. FOSTER 

Successor to the late Henry Chadwick 
( Father of Base Ball") as editor of Spald- 
ing's Ofl[icial Base Ball Guide; sporting editor 
of the New York Evening Telegram; has 
been in the newspaper business for many 
years and is recognized throughout America 
as a leading writer on the national game; a 
staunch supporter of organized base ball, 
his pen has always been used for the better- 
ment of the game. 



EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 




TIM MURNANE 

Base Ball editor of the Boston Globe and 
President of the New England Leagrue of 
Base Ball Clubs; one of the best known base 
ball men of the country; known from coast 
to coast; is a keen follower of the game and 
prominent in all its councils; nearly half a 
century ago was one of America's foremost 
players: knows the game thoroughly and 
writes from the point of view both of player 
and an official. 




HARRY PHILIP BURCHELL 

Sporting editor of the New York Times; 
graduate of the University of Pennsylvania; 
editor of Spalding'a Official Lawn Tennis 
Annual; is an authority on the game; follows 
the movements of the players minutely and 
understands not only tennis but all other sub- 
jects that can be classed as athletics; no one 
is better qualified to edit this book than Mr. 
Burchell. 



GEORGE T. HEPBRON 

Former Young Men's Christian Association 
director; for many years an official of the 
Athletic League of Young Men's Christian 
Associations of North America ; was con- 
nected with Dr. Luther H. Gulick in Young 
Men's Christian Association work for over 
twelve years; became identified with basket 
ball when it was in its infancy and has fol- 
lowed it since, being recognized as the lead- 
ing exponent of the official rules; succeeded 
Dr. Gulick as editor of the Official Basket Ball 

Guide and also editor of the Spalding Athletic Library book on How to 

Play Basket Ball. 





JAMES S. MITCHEL 

Former champion weight thrower; holder 
of numerous records, and is the winner of 
more championships than any other individual 
in the history of sport; Mr. Mitchel is a close 
student of athletics and well qualified to write 
upon any topic connected with athletic sport ; 
has been for years on the staff of th« New 
York Sun. 



EDITORS OF SPALDING' S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



MICHAEL C. MURPHY 

The world's most famous athletic trainer; 
the champion athletes that he has developed 
for track and field sports, foot ball and base ball 
fields, would run into thousands; he became 
famous when at Yale University and has 
been particularly successful in developing 
what might be termed championship teams; 
his rare good judgment has placed him in an 
enviable position in the athletic world; now 
with the University of Pennsylvania ; dur- 
ing his career has trained only at two col- 
leges and one athletic club, Yale and the 
University of Pennsylvania and Detroit Athletic Club; his most recent 
triumph was that of training the famous American team of athletes 
that swept the field at the Olympic Games of 1908 at London. 





DR. C. WARD CRAMPTON 

Succeeded Dr. Gulick as director of physical 
training in the schools of Greater New York: 
as secretary of the Public Schools Athletic 
League is at the head of the most remarkable 
organization of its kind in the v^orld; is a 
practical athlete and gymnast h;.Tiself, and 
has been for years connected with the physi- 
cal training system in the schools of Greater 
New York, having had charge of the High 
School of Commerce. 




DR. GEORGE J. FISHER 

Has been connected with Y. M. C. A. work 
for many years as physical director at Cincin- 
nati and Brooklyn, where he made such a high 
reputation as organizer that he was chosen to 
succeed Dr. Luther H. Gulick as Secretary of 
the Athletic League of Y. M. C. A.'s of North 
America, when the latter resigned to take 
charge of the physical training in the Public 
Schools of Greater New York. 



DR, GEORGE ORTON 

On athletics, college athletics, particularly 
track and field, foot ball, soccer foot ball, and 
training of the youth, it would be hard to find 
one better qualified than Dr. Orton; has had 
the necessary athletic experience and the 
ability to impart that experience intelligently 
to the youth of the land; for years was the 
American, Brit^st ana Canadiaji champion 
runner. 



EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIhRARV 








FREDERICK R. TOOMSS 

A well known authority on skating, rowingr. 
boxing-, racquets, and other athletic sports; 
was sporting editor of American Press Asso- 
ciation, New York; dramatic editor; is a law- 
yer and has served several terms as a member 
of Assembly of the Legislature of the State of 
N6<w York; has written several novels and 
lustorical works. 



R. L. WELCH 

A resident of Chicago: the popularity of 
indoor base ball is chiefly due to his efforts; 
a player himself of no mean ability; a first- 
rlass organizer; he has followed the game of 
indoor base ball from its inception. 



DR. HENRY S. ANDERSON 

Kas been connected with Yale University 
for years and is a recognized authority on 
gymnastics; is admitted to be one of the lead- 
ing authorities in America on gymnastiq sub- 
jects; is the author of many books on physical 
training. 



CHARLES M. DANIELS 

Just the man to write an authoritative 
book on swimming; the fastest swimmer the 
world has ever known; member New York 
Athletic Club swimming team and an Olym- 
pic champion at Athens in 1906 and London, 
1908. In his book on Swimming, Champion 
Daniels describe^i just the methods one must 
use to become an expert swimmer. 

GUSTAVE BOJUS 

Mr. Bojus is most thoroughly qualified to 
write intelligently on all subjects pertaining 
to gymnastics and athletics; in l»is day one 
of America's most famous amateur athletes; 
has competed successf i^Iiy in gymnastics and 
many other sports for the Ne^v^ York Turn 
Verein; for twenty years he has been prom- 
inent in teaching gymnastics and athletics; 
was responsible for the famous gyinnastic 
championship teams of Columriia University; 
now with the Jersey City Lisrh schoolft. 



EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 








CHARLES JACOBUS 

Admitted to be the "Father of Roque;" 
one of America's most expert players, win- 
ning the Olympic Championship at St. Louis 
in 1904; an ardent supporter of the grame 
and follows it minutely, and much of the 
success of roque is due to his untiring efforts; 
certainly there is no one better qualified to 
write on this subject than Mr. Jacobus. 



DR. E. B. WAR MAN 

Well known as a physical training expert: 
was probably one of the first to enter the fiela 
and is the author of many books on the sub- 
ject; lectures extensively each yeai all 
the country. 



W. J. CROMIC 

Now with the University of Pennsylvanlfti 
was formerly a Y. M. C, A. physical director; 
a keen student of all grymnastic matters; the 
author of many books on subjects pertaining 
to physical training. 



G. M. MARTIN 

By profession a physical director of the 
Young Men's Christian Association; a close 
student of all things gymnastic, and games 
for the classes in the gymnasium or clubs. 



PROF. SENAC 

A leader in the fencing world; has main- 
tained a fencing school in New York for 
years and developed a great many chjim- 
pions ; understands the science of fencing 
thoroughly and the benefits to be deiiyed 
therefrom. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



0= 



Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now > 
^ in print, grouped for ready reference c 

SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS 



No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 
No. 



I 

lA 

2 

2A 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

7A 

8 

9 
10 
12 
I2A 



Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 
Spalding' 



Group 



s Official 
s Official 
s Official 
s Official 
s Official 
s Official 
's Official 
's Official 
's Official 
's Official 
's Official 
's Official 
's Official 
's Official 
's OfTicial 

Base Ball 



No.l Spalding's Official BaseBall Guide 

No. lA Official Base Ball Record. 

No. 202 How to Play Base Ball. 

No. 223 How to Bat. 

No. 232 How to Run Bases. 

No. 230 How to Pitch. 

No. 229 How to Catch. 

No. 225 How to Play First Base. 

No. 226 How to Play Second Base. 

No. 227 How to Play Third Base. 

No. 228 How to Play Shortstop. 

No. 224, How to Play the Outfield. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 
League. [Club. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 
>j_ How to Manage a Base Ball 

^% \ Club. 

**^* I HowtoTrainaBaseBallTeam 

! How to Captain a Base Ball 

I HowtoUmpireaGame. [Team 

L Technical Base Ball Terms. 

No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball 

Percentages. 

BASE BALL AUXILIARIES 
No. 336 MinorLeague Base Ball Guide 
No. 338 Official Book National League 

of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. 
No. 340 Official Handbook National 

Playground Ball Assn. 

Group II. Foot Ball 

No.2 Spalding' sOfficial Foot Ball Guide 
No. 344 ADigestof the Foot Ball Rules 
No. 324 How to Play Foot Ball. 
No. 2a Spalding's Official Soccer Foot 

Ball Guide. 
No. 286 How to Play Soccer. 
No. 335 How to Play Rugby. 



Base Ball Guide 

Base Ball Record 

Foot Ball Guide 

Soccer Foot Ball Guide 

Cricket Guide 

Lawn Tennis Annual 

Golf Guide 

Ice Hockey Guide 

Basket Ball Guide 

Women's Basket Ball Guide 

Lacrosse Guide 

Indoor Base Ball Guide 

Roller Polo Guide 

Athletic Almanac 

Athletic Rules 

FOOT BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 343 Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide. 
No. 332 Spalding's Official Canadian 

Group III. ^^°* ^^" ^"^^^- crlchet 

No 3 Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. 
No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. 



Group IV. 

No. 4 Spalding's 



Lawn Tennis 

Official Lawn Ten- 
nis Annual. 
No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. 
No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn 

firoapv. ^'"""'- colt 

No. 5 Spalding' 8 Official Golf Guide 
No. 276 How to Play Golf . 

Group VI. Hockeg 

No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey 

Guide. 
No. 304 How to Play Ice Hockey. 
No. 154 Field Hockey. 

(Lawn Hockey. 
No. 188 < Parlor Hockey. 

(Garden Hockey. 
No. 180 Ring Hockey. 

HOCKEY AUXILIARY 
No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario 

Group vil.''°'^'^^''°BasKct Ball 

No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket 

Ball Guide. 
No. 7a Spaldi7ig's Official Wo7nen's 

Basket Ball Guide. 
No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. 
BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 323 Official Collegiate Basket Ball 

Handbook. 



ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



Group VIIK Lacrosse 

No. 8 Spalding^s Official Lacrosse 

Guide. 
No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse. 

Group IX. Indoor Base Ball 

No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base 
Ball Guide. 

Group X. Polo 

No. 10 Spalding's Official Roller Polo 

Guide. 
No. 129 Water Polo. 
No. 199 Equestrian Polo. 

Group XI. Miscellaneous Games 

No. 248 Archery. 
No. 138 Croquet. 
No. 271 Roque. 

( Racquets. 
No. 194 < Squash-Racquets. 

(Court Tennis. 
No. 13 Hand Ball. 
No. 167 Quoits. 
No. 170 Push Ball. 
No. 14 Curling. 
No. 207 Lawn Bowls. 
No. 188 Lawn Games. 
No. 189 Children's Games. 
No. 341 How to Bowl. 

Group XII. Athletics 

No. 12 Spalding's OffiAsial Athletic 
Almanac. 

No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic 
Rules- 

No. 27 College Athletics. 

No. 182 All Around Athletics. 

No. 156 Athletes' Guide. 

No. 87 Athletic Primer. 

No. 273 Olympic Games at Athens.i906 

No. 252 How to Sprint. 

No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards. 

No. 174 Distance and Cross Country 
Running. [Thrower. 

No. 259 How to Become a Weight 

No. 55 Official Sporting Rules, [boys. 

No. 246 Athletic Training for School- 
No. 317 Marathon Running. 

No. 331 Schoolyard Athletics, 

No. 342 Walking for Health and Com- 
petition. 

ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES 
No. 339 Intercollegiate Official Hand- 
No. 302 Y. M. c! A. Official Handbook. 
No. 313 Public Schools Athletic 

League Official Handbook. 
No. 314 Girls' Athletics. 
No. 308 Official Handbook New York 

Inters cholastic Athletic 

Association. 



Group XIII. 



Athletic 
Accomplishments 



No. 177 How to Swim. 

No. 296 Speed Swimming. 

No. 128 How to Row. 

No. 209 How to Become a Skater. 

No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling. 

No. 23 Canoeing. 

No. 282 Roller Skating Guide. 

Group XIV. Manly sports 

No. 18 Fencing. ( By Breck.) 

No. 162 Boxing. 

No. 165 Fencing. ( By Senac.) 

No. 140 Wrestling. 

No. 236 How to Wrestle. 

No. 102 Ground Tumbling. 

No. 233 Jiu Jitsu. 

No. 166 How to Swing Indian Clubs.. 

No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises. 

No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells.. 

No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises. 

No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises. 

No. 191 How to Punch the Bag. 

No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs. 

No. 326 Professional Wrestling. 

Group XV. Gymnastics 

No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer- 
cises. [Dumb Bell Drills. 

No. 214 Graded Call sthenics and 

No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. 

No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gym- 
nastic Games. 

No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast. 

No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March- 
ing Drills. [Apparatus. 

No. 327 Pyramid Building Without 

No. 328 Exercises on the Parallel Bars. 

No 329 Pyramid Building with 
Wands, Chairs and Ladders 
GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY 

No. 345 Official Handbook I. C. A. A. 
Gymnasts of America. 

Group XVI. Physical culture 

No. 161 Ten Minutes' Exercise for 

Busy Men. [giene. 

No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- 

No. 149 Scientific Physical Training 

and Care of the Body. 
No. 142 Physical Training Simplified. 
No. 185 Hints on Health. 
No. 213 285 Health Answers. 
No. 238 Muscle Building. [ning. 

No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- 
No. 261 Tensing Exercises, [nasties. 
No. 285 Health by Muscular Gym- 
No. 288 Indigestion Treated by Gym- 
No. 290 Get Well; Keep Well, [nasties. 
No. 325 Twenty-Minute Exercises. 
No. 330 Physical Training for the 

School and Class Room. 
No. 346 How to Live 100 Years. 



ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS IIIAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 




Group I Base Ball 

No. 1— Spaldingr's Official 
Base Ball Guide. 

The leading Base Ball 
annual of the country, and 
the official authority of 
^^Sk^^ the game. Contains the 
^W,tY^ official playing rules, with 
an explanatory index of the 
rules compiled by Mr. A. G. 
Spalding: pictures of all 
the teams in the National, 
American and minor leagues ; re- 
views of the season; college Base Ball, 
and a great deal of interesting in- 
f ormatioii. Price 10 cents. 

No. lA — Spalding's Official 
Base Ball Record. 

Something new in Base Ball. Con- 
tains records of all kinds from the be- 
ginning of the National League and 
official averages of all professional or- 
ganizations for past season. Illustrated 
with pictures of leading teams and 
players. Price 10 cents. 

No. 202— How to Play Base 
Ball. 

Edited by Tim Mumane. New and 
revised edition. Illustrated with pic- 
tures showing how all the various 
curves and drops are thrown and por- 
traits of leading players. Price 10 cents. 

No. 223— How to Bat. 

There is no better way of becoming 
a proficient batter than by reading this 
book and practising the directions. 
Numerous illustrations. Price SO cents. 

No. 232— How to Ran the 
Bases. 

This book gives clear and concise 
directions for excelling as a base run- 
ner; tells when to run and when not to 
do so; how and when to slide; team 
work on the bases; in fact, every point 
of the game is thoroughly explained. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 230— How to Pitch. 

A new, up-to-date book. Its contents 
are the practical ceaching of men who 
have reached the top as pitchers, and 
who know how to impart a knowledge 
of their art. All the big leagues' 
pitchers are shown. Price 10 cei^ts. 



Vo. 229— How to Catch. 

Every boy who has hopes of being a 
clever catcher should read how well- 
known players cover their position. 
Pictures of all the noted catchers in 
the big leagues. Price 10 cents. 

Xo. 22S— How to Play First 
Base. 

Illustrated with pictures of all the 
prominent first basemen. Price lOcents. 

IVo. 226— How to Play Second 
Base. 

The ideas of the best second basemen 
have been incorporated in this book for 
the especial benefit of boys who want 
to know the fine points of play at this 
point of the diamond. Price 10 cents. 

No. 227— How to Play Third 
Base. 

Third base is, in some respects, the 
most important of the infield. All the 
points explained. Price 10 cents. 

No. 228— How to Play Short- 
stop. 

Shortstop is one of the hardest posi- 
tions on the infield to fill, and quick 
thought and quick action are necessary 
for a player who expects to make good 
as a shortstop. Illus. Price 10 cents. 

No. 224— How to Play the 
Outfield. 

An invaluable guide for the out- 
fielder. Price 10 cents. 

No. 231— How to Coach; How 
to Captain a Team; How 
to Managre a Team; How 
to Umpire; Hovr to Or- 
graiiize a lieagrue; Tech- 
nical Terms of Base Ball. 
A useful guide. Price 10 cents. 

No, 219— Ready Reckoner of 
Base Ball Percentagres. 

To supply a demand for a book which 
would show the percentage of clubs 
without recourse to thearduous work of 
figuring, the publishers had these tables 
compiled by an expert Price 10 cents. 

BASE BALL, AUXILIARIES. 
No. 33«— Minor Leagrue Base 
Ball Guide. 

The minors' own guide. Edited by 
President T. H. Mumane, of the New 
England League. Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 




No. 338— Official Handbook 
of the National League 
of Professional Base Ball 
Clabs. 

Contains the Constitution, By-Laws, 
Official Rules. Averages, and schedule 
of the National League for the current 
year, together with list of club officers 
and reports of the annual meetings of 
the League. Price 10 cents. 

No. 340— Official Handbook 
National Playground Ball 
Association. 

This pame is specially adapted for 
playgrounds, parks, etc., is spreading 
rapidly, The book contains a descrip- 
tion of the game, rules and list of 
officers. Price 10 cents. 



Group 11. Foot Ball 

No. 2— Spalding's Official 
Foot Ball Guide. 

Edited by Walter Camp. 

[Contains the new rules, 
with diagram of field; All- 
America teams as selected 
by the leading authorities; 
reviews of the game from 
various sections of the 
country; scores; pictures. 

I Price 10 cents. 

No. 344— A Digest of tbe Foot 
Ball Rules. 

This book is meant for the use of 
officials, to help them to refresh their 
memories before a game and to afford 
them a quick means of ascertaining a 
point during a game. It also gives a 
ready means of finding a rule in the 
Official Rule Book, and is of great help 
to a player in studying the Rules. 
Compiled by C.W. Short, Harvard. 1908. 
Price 10 cents^ 

No. 324— How to Play Foot 
Ball. 

Edited by Walter Camp, of Yale. 
Everything that a beginner wants to 
know and many points that an expert 
will be glad to learn. Snapshots of 
leading teams and players in action, 
with comments by Walter Camp. 
Price 10 cents. 




Soc- 



No. 2A— Spalding's Official 
Association Soccer Foot 
Ball Guide. 

A complete and up-to-| 
date guide to the ''Soccer" 
game in the United States, 
containing instructions for I 
playing the game, official 
rules, and interesting 
news from all parts of the 
country. Illustrated. Price | 
10 cents. 

No. 286— How to Play 
cer. 

How each position should be played, 
written by the best player in England 
in his respective position, and illus- 
trated with full-page photographs of 
players in -action. Price 10 cents. 
No. 335— How to Play Rugby. 

Compiled In England by " Old Inter- 
national." Contains directions for 
playing the various positions, with dia- 
grams and illustrations. Price 10 cents. 
FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES. 
No. 332— Spalding's Official 
Canadian Foot Ball 

Guide. 

The official book of the game in Can- 
ada. Price 10 cents. 
No. 343— Official Rugby Foot 
Ball Guide. 

The official handbook of the Rugby 
game, containing the official playing 
rules, referee's decisions, articles on 
the game in the United States and pic- 
tures of leading teams. Price 10 cents. 

Group III. Cricket 

No. 3— Spalding's Official 
Cricket Guide. 

The most complete year 
book of the game that has 
ever been published in 
America. Reports of 
special matches, official 
rules and pictures of all 
the leading teams. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 277— Cricket; and How 
to Play it. 

By Prince Ranjitsinhji. The game 
described concisely and illustrated with 
full-page pictures posed especially for 
this book. Price 10 cents. 




SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



Group IV. 



Lawn 
Tennis 




No. 4— Spaldingr's Official 
La^vn Tennis Annual. 

Contents include reports 
of all important tourna- 
ments; official ranking- 
from 1885 to date; laws of 
lawn tennis; instructions 
for handicapping; deci- 
sions on doubtful points: 
management of tourna- 
ments; directory of clubs; 
laying out and keeping a court. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents 

No. 157— How to Play Lawn 
Tennis. 

A complete description of lawn ten- 
nis; a lesson for beginners and direc- 
tions telling how to make the most im- 
portant strokes. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 279— Strokes and Science 
of L,a-»vn Tennis. 

By P. A. Vaile, a leading authority 
on the game in Great Britain. Every 
stroke in the game is accurately illus- 
trated and analyzed by the author. 
Price 10 cents. 



Golf 



Official 



Group V. 

No. 5— Spaldingr's 
Golf Guide. 

Contains records of all 
Important tournaments, 
articles on the game in 
various sections of the 
country, pictures of prom- 
inent players, official play- 
ing rules and general 
items of interest. Price 
10 cents. 



No. 27G— HoTV to Play Golf. 

By James Braid and Harry Vardon, 
the world's two greatest players tell 
how they play the game, with numer- 
ous full-page pictures of them taken 
on the links. Price 10 cents. 





Group VI. Hockey 

No. 6— Spaldingr's Official Ic* 
Hoelvey Guide. 

The official year book of 
the game. Contains the 
official rules, pictures of 
leading teams and players, 
records, review of the 
season, reports from dif" 
ferent sections of the 
United States and Canada. 
Price 10 cents. 

So. 304— How to Play Ice 
Hockey. 

Contains a description of the duties 
of each player. Illustrated. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 154— Field Hockey. 

Prominent in the sports at Vassar, 
Smith, Wellesley, Bryn Mawr and other 
leading colleges. Price 10 cents. 

No. 188 — Lawn Hockey, 
Parlor Hockey, Garden 
Hockey. 

Containing the rules for each srame. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 180— Ring: Hockey. 

A new game for the gymnasium. 
Exciting as basket ball. Price 10 cents. 

HOCKEY AUXILIARY. 

No. 25(;— Official Handbook 
of the Ontario Hockey 
Association. 

Contains the official rules of the 
Association, constitution, rules of com- 
petition, list of officers, and pictures of 
leading players. Price 10 cents. 



Group Vn. 



Basket 
BaU 



No. 7— Spalding's OfHcial 
Basket Ball Guide. 

Edited by George T. 
Hepbron. Contains the 
revised official rules, de- 
cisions on disputed points, 
records of prominent 
teams, reports on the game 
from various parts of the 
country. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 




SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



IVo. 7A— SpaldinsT's Official 
Women's ilasli:et Ball 
Gaicie. 

Edited by Miss Senda Berenson, of 
Smith Colleg'e. Contains the official 
playing rules and special articles on 
the game by prominent authorities. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 193— How to Play Basket 
Ball. 

By G. N. Messer. The best book of 
instruction on the game yet published. 
Illustrated with numerous pictures 
and diagrams of plays. Price 10 cents. 

BASKET BALL AUXILIARY. 
No. 323— Collegiate Basket 
Ball Hand^ook. 

The official publication of the Colle- 
giate Basket Ball Association. Con- 
tains the official rules, records, All- 
America selections, reviews, and pic- 
tures. Edited by H. A. Fisher, of 
Columbia. Price 10 cents. 

Group VIII. Lacrosse 

No. 8— Spalding's Official La- 
crosse Guide. 

Contains the constitution, by-laws, 
playing rules, list of officers and records 
of the U. S. Inter-Collegiate Lacrosse 
League. Price 10 cents. 

No. aoi— How to Play La- 
crosse. 

Every position is thoroughly ex- 
plained in a most simple and concise 
manner, rendering it the best manual 
of the game ever published. Illus- 
trated with numerous snapshots of im- 
portant plays. Price 10 cents. 



Polo 



Group IX. 



Indoor 
Base Ball 



No. 9— Spalding's Official I 
door Base Ball Guide. 

America's national game 
is now vieing with other 
indoor games as a winter 
pastime. This book con- 
tains the playing rules, 
pictures of leading teams, 
and interesting articles on i 
the game by leading au- 
thorities on the subject. 
Price 10 cents. 





Group X. 

No. lO— Spalding's 
Official Roller 
Polo Guide. 

Edited by A. W. Keane. 
A full description of the 
game; official rules, re- 
cords; pictures of promi- 
nent players. Price 10 cents 



No. 129— Water Polo. 

The contents of this book treat of 
every detail, the individual work of the 
players, the practice of the team, how 
to throw the ball, with illustrations and 
many valuable hints. Price 10 cents. 

No. 199— Equestrian Polo. 

Compiled by H. L. Fitzpatrick of the 
New York Sun. Illustrated with por- 
traits of leading players, and contains 
most useful information for polo play- 
ers. Price 10 cents. 



_ ^^ Miscellane- 
GroupXI. ous Games 

No. 271— Spalding's Official 
Rociue Guide. 

The official publication of the Na- 
tional Roque Association of America. 
Contains a description of the courts 
and their construction, diagrams, illus- 
trations, rules and valuable informa- 
tion. Price 10 cents. 

No. 13S— Spalding's Official 
Croquet Guide 

Contains directions for playing, dia- 
grams of important strokes, description 
of grounds, instructions for the begin- 
ner, terms used in the game, and the 
official playing rules. Price 10 cents. 

No. 341— How to Bowl. 

The contents include : diagrams of 
effective deliveries ; hints to begin- 
ners ; how to score ; official rules ; 
spares, how they are made ; rules for 
cocked hat, quintet, cocked hat and 
feather, battle game, etc. Price 
10 cents. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC OBRARY 



No. 24S--Arcliery. 

A new and up-to-date book on this 
fascinating pastime. The several 
varieties of archery; instructions for 
shooting:; how to select implements; 
how to score; and a great deal of inter- 
esting information. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 194— Racquets, Sqnash- 
Racquets ami Court Teu- 
nis. 

How to play pach game is thoroughly 
explained, and all the difficult strokes 
shown by special photographs taken 
especially for this book. Contains the 
official rules for each game. Price 10 
cents. 

No, 167— Q,noits. 

Contains a description of the plays 
used by experts and the official rules. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 170— Push Ball. 

This book contains the official rules 
and a sketch of the game; illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 13— HoTT ta Play Hand 
Ball. 

By the world's champion, Michael 
Egan. Every play is thoroughly ex- 
plained by text and diagram. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents. 



No. 14— Curling. 

A short history of this famous Scot- 
tish pastime, with instructions for 
play, rules of the game, definitions of 
terms and diagrams of different shots. 
Price 10 cents. 



No. 207— Bowlius on the 
Green; or, La^vn Bowls. 

How to construct a green; how to 
play the game, and the official rules 
of the Scottish Bowling Association. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 189— Children's Gaines. 

These games are intended for use at 
recesses, and all but the team games 
have been adapted to large classes. 
Suitable for children from three to 
eight years, and include a sreat variety. 
Prioa 10 cents. 




No. ISS— Larvn Games. 

Lawn Hockey, Garden Hockey, Hand 
Tennis, Tether Tennis; also Volley 
Ball, Parlor Hockey, Badminton, Bas- 
ket Goal. Price 10 cents. 

Group XII. Athletics 

No. 12— Spalding's Official 
Athletic Almanac. 

Compiled by J. E. Sulli- 
van, President of the Ama- 
teur Athletic Union. The 
only annual publication 
now issued that contains 
a complete list of amateur 
best-on-records; intercol- 
legiate, swimming, inter- 
scholastic, English, Irish, Scotch, 
Swedish, Continental, South African, 
Australasian; numerous photos of in- 
dividual athletes and leading athletic 
teams. Price 10 cents. 

No. 12A— Spalding's Official 
Athletic Rules. 

The A. A. U. is the governing body 
of athletes in the United States of 
America, and all games must be held 
under its rules, which are exclusively 
published in this handbook, and a copy 
should be in the hands of every athlete 
and every club officer in America. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 27— College Athletics. 

M. C. Murphy, the well-known ath- 
letic trainer, now with Pennsylvania, 
the author of this book, has written it 
especially for the schoolboy and college 
man, but it is invaluable for the athlete 
who wishes to excel in any branch of 
athletic sport; profusely illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 182— All-Aronnd Ath- 
letics. 

Gives in full the method of scoring 
the Ail-Around Championship; how to 
train for the All- Around Champion- 
ship. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

IVo. 150— Athlete's Guide. 

Full instructions for the beginner, 
telling how to sprint, hurdle, jump and 
throw weights, general hints on train- 
ing; valuable advice to beginners and 
important A. A. U. rules and their ex- 
planations, while the pictures comprise 
many scenes of champions in action. 
Price 10 cent*. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



No. 273— The Olympic Games 
at Athens. 

A complete account of the Olympic 
Games of 1906. at Athens, the greatest 
International Athletic Contest ever 
held. Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, 
Special United States Commissioner to 
the Olympic Games. Price 10 cents. 
No. 87— Athletic Primer. 

Edited by J. E. Sullivan, Secretary- 
Treasurer of the Amateur Athletic 
Union. Tells how to organize an ath- 
letic club, how to conduct an athletic 
meeting, and gives rules for the gov- 
ernment of athletic meetings; contents 
also include directions for laying out 
afthletic grounds, and a very instructive 
article on training. Price 10 cents. 

No. 255— How to Ran 100 
Yards. 

By J. W. Morton, the noted British 
champion. Many of Mr. Morton's 
methods of training are novel to 
American athletes, but his success is 
the best tribute to their worth. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 174 — Distance and Cross- 
Country Running-. 

By George Orton, the famous Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania runner. The 
quarter, half, mile, the longer dis- 
tances, and cross-country running and 
steeplechasihg, with instructions for 
training; pictures of leading athletes 
in action, with comments by the edito"" 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 259— Weieht Throwing. 

Probably no other man in the world 
has had the varied and long experience 
of James S. Mitchel, the author, in the 
weight throwing department of ath- 
letics. The book gives valuable infor- 
mation not only for the novice, but for 
the expert as well. Price 10 cents. 

No. 246— Athletic Training 
for Schoolboys. 

By Geo. W. Orton. Each event in the 
intercollegiate programme is treated 
of separately. Price 10 cents. 

No. 55— Official Sporting 
Rules. 

Contains rules not found in other 
publications for the government of 
many sports; rules for wrestling, 
shuffleboard, snowshoeing, profes- 
sional racing, pigeon shooting, dog 
racing, pistol and revolver shooting, 
British water polo rules, Rugby foot 
ball rules. Price 10 cents. 



No. 252— How to Sprint. 

Every athlete who aspires to be a 
sprinter can study this book to advan- 
tage. Price 10 cents. 

No. 331— Schoolyard Ath- 
letics. 

By J. E.Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer 
Amateur Athletic Union and member 
of Board of Education of Greater New 
York. An invaluable handbook for 
the teacher and the pupil. Gives a 
systematic plan for conducting school 
athletic contests and instructs how to 
prepare for the various events. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 317— Marathon Running, 

A new and up-to-date book on this 
popular pastime. Contains pictures 
of the leading Marathon runners, 
methods of training, and best times 
made in various Marathon events. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 342— W alking; for 
Health and Competition. 

Contains a great deal of useful and 
interesting information for the pedes- 
trian, giving the best methods of walk- 
ing for recreation or competition, by 
leading authorities. A history of the 
famous Fresh Air Club of New York is 
also included, with specimen tours, 
rules for competitive walking, records 
and numerous illustrations Price 10 
cents. 

ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES. 

No. 339— Official Intercolle- 
giate A.A.A.A. Handbook. 

Contains constitution, by-laws, and 
laws of athletics; records from 1876 to 
date. Price 10 cents. 

No. 308— Official Handbook 
Neve York Interschol- 
astic Athletic Associa- 
tion. 

Contains the Association's records, 
constitution and by-laws and other 
information. Price 10 cents. 

No. 302— Official Y.M.C.A, 
Handbook. 

Contains the official rules governing 
all sports under the jurisdiction of the 
Y. M. C. A., official Y. M. C. A. scoring 
tables, pentathlon rules, pictures of 
leading Y. M. C. A- athletes. Price 
10 cents. 



SPAIiDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



No. 313— Official Handbook 
of the Public Schools 
Athletic Leaeue. 

Contains complete list of records, 
constitution and general review of the 
season in the Public Schools Athletic 
League of Greater New York. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents, 

No. 314— "Girls' Athletics." 
Official Handbook of the 
Girls' Branch of the 
Public Schools Athletic 
League. 
The official publication. Contains : 
constitution and by-laws, list of offi- 
cers, donors, founders, life and annual 
members, reports and illustrations, 
schoolroom games. Edited by Miss 
Jessie H, Bancroft. Price 10 cents. 

Group XIII. Athletic 
Accomplishments 

No. 177— How to Swim. 

Will interest the expert as well as 
the novice; the illustrations were made 
from photographs especially posed, 
showing the swimmer in clear water; 
a valuable feature is the series of 
"land drill " exercises for the beginner. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. aJ>«— Speed S^nrimniingr. 

By Champion C. M. Daniels of the 
New York Athletic Club team, holder 
of numerous American records, and the 
best swimmer in America qualified to 
write on the subject. Any boy should 
be able to increase his speed in the 
water after reading Champion Daniels' 
instructions on the subject. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 128— How to Row. 

By E. J. Giannini, of the New York 
Athletic Club, one of America's most 
famous amateur oarsmen and cham- 
pions. Shows how to hold the oars, 
the finish of the stroke and other valu- 
able information. Price 10 cents. 

No. 23— Canoeing:. 

Paddling, sailing, cruising and rac- 
ing canoes and their uses; with hints 
on rig and management; the choice of 
a canoe; sailing canoes, racing regula- 
tions; canoeing and camping. Fully 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 



No. 209— HoTF to Become a 
Skater. 

Contains advice for beginners; how 
to become a figure skater, showing how 
to do all the different tricks of the best 
figure skaters. Pictures of prominent 
skaters and numerous diagrams. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 282— Official Roller Skat- 
ing Guide. 

Directions for becoming a fancy and 
trick roller skater, and rules for roller 
skating. Pictures of prominent trick 
skaters in action. Price 10 cents. 

No. 178- How to Train for 
Bicycling. 

Gives methods of the best riders 
when training for long or short distance 
races; hints on training. Revised and 
up-to-date in every particular. Price 
10 cents. 



Group XIV. Sports 

No. 140— Wrestling. 

Catch-as-catch-can style. Seventy 
illustrations of the different holds, pho- 
tographed especially and so described 
that anybody can with little effort learn 
every one. Price 10 cents. 

No. 18— Fencing. 

By Dr. Edward Breck, of Boston, 
editor of The Swordsman, a promi- 
nent amateur fencer. A book that has 
stood the test of time, and is universally 
acknowledged to be a standard work. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

No. 1G2— Boxing Guide. 

Contains over 70 pages of illustrations 
showing all the latest blows, posed 
especially for this book under the super- 
vision of a well-known instructor of 
boxing, who makes a specialty of teach- 
ing and knows how to impart his 
knowledge. Price 10 cents. 

No. 165— The Art of Fencing 

By Regis and Louis Senac. of New 
York, famous instructors and leading 
authorities on the subject. Gives in 
detail how every move should be made. 
Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



No. 23G— How to Wrestle. 

The most complete and up-to-date 
book on wrestling ever published. 
Edited by F. R. Toombs, and devoted 
principally to special poses and illustra- 
tions by Georgre Hackenschmidt, the 
" Russian Lion." Price 10 cents. 



No. lOa—Ground Tumbling. 

Any boy. by reading this book and 
following the instructions, can become 
proficient. Price 10 cents. 



No. asu— Tumbling: for Ama- 
teurs. 

Specially compiled for amateurs by 
Dr.JamesT. Gwathmey. Every variety 
of the pastime explained by text and 
pictures, over 100 different positions 
being shown. Price 10 cents. 



No. 191— How to Puncb tbe 
Bag. 

The best treatise on bag punching 
that has ever been printed. Every va- 
riety of blow used in training is shown 
and explained, with a chapter on fancy 
bag punching by a well-known theatri- 
cal bag puncher. Price 10 cents. 



No. 200— Dumb-Bells. 

The best work on dumb-bells that 
has ever been offered. By Prof. G. 
Bojus, of New York. Contains 200 
photographs. Should be in the hands 
of every teacher and pupil of physical 
culture, and is invaluable for home 
exercise. Price 10 cents. 



No. 143— Indian Clubs and 
Dumb-Bells. 

By America's amateur champion club 
Bwinger, J. H. Dougherty. It is clearly 
illustrated, by which any novice can 
become an expert. Price 10 cents. 



No. 262—Medicine Ball Ex- 
ercises. 

A series of plain and practical exer- 
cises with the medicine ball, suitable 
for boys and girls, business and profes- 
sional men, in and out of gymnasium. 
Price 10 cent«. 



No. 29— Pulley Weigrht Exer- 
cises. 

By Dr. Henry S. Anderson, instructor 
in heavy gymnastics Yale gymnasium. 
In conjunction with a chest machine 
anyone with this book can become 
perfectly developed. Price 10 cents. 



No. 233— Jiu Jitsu. 

Each move thoroughly explained and 
illustrated with numerous full-page 
pictures of Messrs. A. Minami and K. 
Koyama, two of the most famous ex- 
ponents of the art of Jiu Jitsu, who 
posed especially for this book. Price 
10 cents. 



No. 166— How to Swing In- 
dian Clubs. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. By follow- 
ing the directions carefully anyone can 
become an expert. Price 10 cents. 

No. 326— Professional Wr*»«*- 
ling. 

A book devoted to the catch-as-catch- 
can style; illustrated with half-tone 
pictures showing the different holds 
used by Frank Gotch, champion catch- 
as-catch-can wrestler of the world. 
Posed by Dr. Roller and Charles Postl. 
By Ed. W. Smith, Sporting Editor of 
the Chicago American. Price 10 cents. 



Group XV. Gymnastics 

No. 104— The Grading of 
Gymnastic Exercises. 

By G. M. Martin. A book that should 
be in the hands of every physical direc- 
tor of the Y. M. C. A., school, club, col- 
lege, etc. Price 10 cents. 



No. 214— Graded Calisthen- 
ics and Dumb-Bell Drills. 

For years it has been the custom in 
most gymnasiums of memorizing a set 
drill, which was never varied. Conse- 
quently the beginner was given the 
same kind and amount as the older 
member. With a view to giving uni- 
formity the present treatise is at- 
tempted. Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



No. 254— Barnjum Bar Bell 
Drill. 

Edited by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie, 
Director Physical Training, University 
of Pennsylvania. Profusely illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. ^ 

No. 158 — Indoor and Outdoor 
Gymnastic Games. 

A book that will prove valuable to in- 
door and outdoor gymnasiums, schools, 
outings and gatherings where there 
are a number to be amused. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 124 — HoTT to Become a 
Gymnast. 

By Robert Stoll, of the New York 
A. C, the American champion on the 
flying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy 
can easily become proficient with a 
little practice. Price 10 cents. 

No. 2S7— Fancy Dumb Bell 
and Marcliing: Drills. 

All concede that games and recreative 
exercises during the adolescent period 
are preferable to set drills and monoton- 
ous movements. These drills, while de- 
signed primarily for boys, can be used 
successfully with girls and men and 
women. Profusely illustrated. Price 
10 cents. \ 

No. a27— Pyramid Building; 
Without Apparatus. 

By W. J. Cromie, Instructor of 
Gymnastics, University of Pennsyl- 
vania. With illustrations showing 
many different combinations. This 
book should be in the hands of all gym- 
nasium instructors. Price 10 Cents. 

No. ;{2.S — Kxercises on tlie 
Parallel Bars. 

By W. J. Cromie. Every gymnast 
should procure a copy of this book. 
Illustrated with cuts showing many 
novel exercises. Price 10 cents. 

No. «2J>— Pyramid Building 
tvith Chairs, Wands and 
■liadders. 

By W. J. Cromie. Illustrated with 
half-tone photopraphs showing many 
interesting combinations. Price 10 
cents. 



GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY. 
No. 34.">— Official Handbook 
Inter-Colleftiate Associa- 
tion Amateur Gymnasts 
of America. 

Edited by P. R. Carpenter, Physical 
Instructor Amherst College. Contains 
pictures of leading teams and individual 
champions, official rules governing con- 
tests, records. Price 10 cents. 



Group XVI. 



Physical 
Culture 



No. 161— Ten Minutes' Bxei i 
cise for Busy Men. 

By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, Direc- 
tor of Physical Training in the New 
York Public Schools. A concise and 
complete course of physical education. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 208— Physical Education 
and Hyg-iene. 

This is the fifth of the Physical 
Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman 
(see Nos. 142, 149, 166, 185. 213,261, 290.) 
Price 10 cents. 
No. 149— The Careof the Body. 

A book that all who value health 
should read and follow its instructions. 
By Prof . E. B. Warman, the well-known 
lecturer and authority on physical cul- 
ture. Price 10 cents. 

No. 142— Physical Trainings 
Simplified. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. A complete, 
thorough and practical book where the 
whole man is considered — brain and 
body. Price 10 cents. 
No. 261— Tensins Exercises. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. The "Ten- 
sing" or "Resisting" system of mus- 
cular exercises is the most thorough, 
the most complete, the most satisfac- 
tory, and the most fascinating of sys- 
tems. Price 10 cents. 

No. an;— How to Live lOO 
Years. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. Helpful 
and healthful suggestions for attain- 
ing a vigorous and happy "old age," 
with numerous instances of longevity 
and the methods and habits pursued 
by those who lived beyond the allotted 
span of life. Written in Prof. Waj>; 
man's best style. Price 10 cents. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



No. ISo— Healtli Hints. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. Health in- 
fluenced by insulation; health influ- 
enced by underwear; health influenced 
by color; exercise. Price 10 cents. 

No. 213—285 Health Answers. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman. Contents: 
ventilating a bedroom; ventilating a 
house; how to obtain pure air; bathing; 
salt water baths at home; a substitute 
for ice water; to cure insomnia, etc., 
etc. Price 10 cents; 

No. 238— Muscle Buildingr. 

By Dr. L. H. Gulick. A complete 
treatise on the correct method of 
acquiring strength. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 

No. 234— Scliool Tactics and 
Maze Ranniuj;-. 

A series of dnlls for the use of schools. 
Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick. 
Price 10 cents. 

No. 325— Twenty Minute Ex- 
ercises. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman, with chap- 
ters on " How to Avoid Growing Old," 
and "Fasting; Its Objects and Bene- 
fits." Price 10 cents. 



No. 285— Health; by Muscu- 
lar Uyninastics. 

With hints on right living. By W. J; 
Cromie. If one will practice the exer^ 
cises and observe the hints therein 
contained, he will be amply repaid fOi: 
so doing. Price 10 cents. 

N6. 288— Indisrestioii Treatted 
by Gymnastics 

By W. J. Cromie. If the hints there- 
in contained are observed and the 
exercises faithfully performed great 
relief will be experienced. Price 10 
cents. 

No. 290— Get Well; K e e il 
Well. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman, author of a 
number of books in the Spalding Ath- 
letic Library on physical traininsr. 
Price 10 cents. 



No. 330— Pliysical Trainingr 
for the School and Class 
Room. 

Edited by G. R. Borden, Physical 
Director of the Y. M. C. A.. Easton, Pa. 
A book that is for practical work in 
the school room. Illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 




A. G. SPALDIJXG 

From Photograph Takkn" ijt San Francisco 

IN- November, 1879 



Spalding's Athletic Library 
Group XIL, No. 87 



. An 
Athletic Primer 



A Handbook of Information for those 
interested in the formation of ath- 
letic clubs, with directions for 
laying out athletic tracks, 
base ball diamonds 
and tennis 
courts 



EDITED BY 

JAMES E. SULLIVAN 

Secretary -Treasurer 
Amateur Athletic Union uf the United States 



published by the 

American Sports Publishing Company 

21 Warren Street, New York 



<^t> 



X^^i^ 



COPYIIIGHT, 1910 
BY 

American Sports Publishing Company 
New York 



^CLA'.^7.iy28 



^ 



Contents 



^ Preface ..... 

Athletics; Athletic Tracks and Athletic Games 

Athletic Clubs and Tracks . 

Small Public Park Gymnasiums and Tracks 

Public Schools Athletic League Tracks . 

How to Conduct an Athletic Meet 

Indoor Games .... 

Method of Announcing Results of Events at the World's 

Fair at St. Louis, 1904 
The Starter . 
"Timing" 

Notes for the Athlete 
Suggestions for Of^cials 
Organization of a Club 
County Athletic Leagues 
How to Lay Out a Lawn Tennis Court . 
How to Build and Keep a Lawn Tennis Court . 
Instructions for Laying Out a Base Ball Diamond 
Instructions for Laying Out a Basket Ball Court 
How to Lay Out an Athletic Track on a Base Ball Field 
Suggested Form of Constitution for Local Playground 

Associations . . , 



PAGE 

5 
7 
25 
6S 
71 
78 
90 

93 
96 
98 

105 
no 
122 
131 
133 
135 
143 
145 
146 

147 



1 




WILLIAM B. CURTIS 

Born at- Salisbury, Vt.. January 13. 1837; perished onMt. Washington, 

June 30. 1900 

The Father of American Track and Field Athletics 



PREFACE 

It is a remarkable fact that throughout the United States 
there are many officials connected with athletic clubs and as- 
sociations encouraging amateur sport who know very little 
about the actual management of an athletic meeting. This ap- 
plies to schools, clubs and colleges in many instances; in fact, 
the writer has repeatedly received from students and club men 
communications pertaining to the management of games that 
would easily convince anyone that the athletic rules had never 
been read by them. A careful glance over the pages of this 
Athletic Primer will show just what field it is expected to 
cover. It is primarily a publication issued in the interest of 
the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, the govern- 
ing athletic organization, and it will be a valuable addition 
to the work already performed by that organization in en- 
couraging and promoting amateur pastimes throughout the 
United States, The publication of this book is done to en- 
courage all organizations to give their games under recog- 
nized rules and to encourage the formation of athletic clubs and 
other kindred organizations throughout the country. While it 
is intended for novices, it will be a valuable book to be in 
the hands of all college students, schoolboys and members of 
athletic clubs and frequenters of gymnasiums throughout the 
United States. 

To persons contemplating starting an athletic club, or desirous 
of information of any kind relating to the laying out or equip- 
ment of an athletic plant, the author will be very glad to render 
any assistance by addressing him as below : 

J. E. SULLIVAN, 

2 1 Warren Street, 

New York. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



ATHLETICS; ATHLETIC TRACKS AND 
ATHLETIC GAMES 

Athletic history gives to us the date of organized athletics in 
America, but. nevertheless, it is quite true that long before 
athletics, as the term is understood, received the attention of 
those who desired to have it Organized on a proper basis. 
American gentlemen took part m athletic contests and demon- 
strated their ability in running, walking and jumping. It is 
equally true that amateur athletics before the formation of the 
New York Athletic Club had absolutely no standing whatever, 
and all took part in contests for prizes consisting of money or 
whatever they could get. And old-time records prove abso- 
lutely that nearly all old-time competitions were for stakes and 
usually between professionals of national reputation. 

Track and field athletics to-day occupy a very prominent 
position, but there is no boom. Far from it. There is cer- 
tainly great interest in track and field sports, but the history 
of athletics proves conclusively that it has never become a rage. 
It has never developed with 'a wild rush such as other athletic 
fads. Track and field athletics has had a steady growth. 
Amateur competitive athletics owes its existence and its position 
to those who formed the New York Athletic Club. However, 
this does not mean that the New York Athletic Club is the 
oldest athletic club in America, as many have claimed it to 
be, for the writer thoroughly investigated the status of the 
Olympic Club, of San Francisco, while on the Pacific Coast 
recently V and there is no doubt whatever that the Olympic 
Club is the oldest m the United States. 

One of the founders of the Olympic Club, Mr. Lloyd, was a 
resident, in 1905, of the city of San Francisco. He proves that 
athletics, as the word was then understood, existed in the State 
of California, as it existed in other States, without organization, 
and that on May 5, i860, he was one of the few instrumental. 




I C OJ O ^ 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 9 

in forming a strictly amateur athletic club, the Olympic Club, 
which is the present Olympic Club, of San Francisco. This 
club, however, did not back or did not encourage track and 
field athletics, but it did encourage and hold competitions in 
certain forms of athletics — jumping, pole vaulting, high jump- 
ing, shot putting and weight throwing. It went on for years, 
however, with practically no interest in outdoor track and field 
athletics, and while it is certainly the desire of the author to 
give credit to the Olympic Club for its priority as an organiza- 
tion, it is, nevertheless, true that the New York Athletic Club 
must be given credit for having fostered track and field ath- 
letics in America. And those who were responsible for it were 
William B. Curtis, Harry E. Buermeyer and John C. Babcock, 
the really moving spirit in established amateur athletics being the 
late William B. Cur.tis. These enthusiasts used to meet in the 
back parlor of No. 200 Sixth avenue. New York City, which 
was then a private residence, and although these three ath- 
letically inclined young men were unable to find assistants or 
competitors, they faithfully practiced running, walking and 
other sports among themselves for their health and amusement. 

In the year 1866 amateur athletic sport had already as- 
sumed prominence in Great Britain, for the first Oxford-Cam- 
bridge games were held March 5, 1864, and the first amateur 
championship meeting was held March 3. 1866. And it was 
on June 7, 1866, that William B. Curtis, Harry Buermeyer and 
John C. Babcock decided to take up athletics, establish and 
form in America an American amateur athletic club, with No. 
200 Sixth Avenue, New York City, as its headquarters. Mr. 
Curtis himself states, and so does Mr. Buermeyer, that there 
was no interest taken in their suggestions; no one took kindly 
to them at all, except that they did receive a little encourage- 
ment from the different boat clubs. The}-" had a hard time in- 
teresting the young fellows of that day. 

"Whenever the weather permitted the parlor was abandoned 
and sport pursued in the open air. The first rendezvous was 
on the half-mile track connected with the old ' Red House,' 
Mark Maguire's famous roadside hostelry, at the head of Harlem 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. H 

Lane. Here, after running the half-mile circuit in 2m. 30s., or 
walking it in 5m. — feats then considered worthy of note — the 
fathers of the club, exhausted by such extraordinary eiTorts, 
would throw themselves on the grass for a half hour's rest, and 
then spend another thirty minutes in conversation with that 
quaint Yorkshireman, James McKay, who had established a 
boat-building shop in the second story of Maguire's stable, and 
was just then hard at work on the first genuine racing shell 
ever built in the United States. 

"In a few months the march of improvement ran a street 
and a row of tenements through the middle of the track, and a 
change was made to the Elysian Fields, Hoboken, There was 
no regular track, but a good quarter-mile circuit could be 
marked out on the level turf of the ball field, and several straight- 
away 100-yard courses on the shore path. Here the regular 
attendants were joined by many members of the Atlantic Boat 
Club, whose boat-house was a quarter of a mile below. 
Many spirited contests took place, and in one ever-memorable 
handicap one of the founders of the club was credited with run- 
ning 102 yards in 93. — a signal triumph of watch-holding over 
truth. To this comfortable and convenient trysting-place 
there were two objections; there was no regular track, and the 
Fields being then the people's pleasure ground, much as Coney 
Island is now, the crowds of curious spectators were always an- 
noying and sometimes aggressive. So a removal was made to 
Finley's half-mile track, corner of Seventy-second street and 
the Bloomingdale road. These grounds proved to be eminently 
desirable. The proprietor — a jolly, sport-loving old English- 
man — did everything in his power to make his visitors com 
fortable, and no further change was made till the summer of 
1S71, when the club opened its own grounds in Harlem. On 
Fmley's pleasant grounds weekly games were held whenever 
weather permitted. The Atlantic Boat Club men rowed across 
from their Hoboken quarters, beached their barges at the foot 
of Seventy-third Street, climbed the steep blufif of what is now 
Riverside Park, and joined in the contests, while the Nassau 
Boat Club party paddled up from their boat-house, foot of 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13 

Thirty-fourth street and North River, and the New York City 
contingent came up by the Eighth Avenue street cars. 

"During the summer of 1868 forty-three persons were regis- 
tered as having participated in three or more of these reunions, 
and the average weekly attendance was about twenty. These 
results, insignificant as they now appear, gave great satisfac- 
tion, and were thought sufficient to warrant the permanent 
organization and incorporation of an amateur athletic club. 
A meeting was called, notices published in sporting and daily 
journals, and written invitations sent to all who had ever 
attended any of the weekly sports; but, despite this timely 
publicity, only seven persons assembled, and an adjournment 
was promptly made. A second trial, three weeks later, re- 
sulted similarly, and it was not until the third attempt (Sep- 
tember 8, 1868), that fourteen faithful ones could be gathered 
together to sign a muster roll, elect officers, appoint committees 
and complete the formal organization of the New York Athletic 
Club. 

"Being now a full-fledged athletic club, it was, of course, 
necessary to give a regular open amateur athletic meeting, and 
the management was entrusted to a games committee. Ath- 
letic games and cinder-paths were then unknown in America, 
and Finley's track, though pleasant enough for practice, was 
out of the way and inaccessible for spectators. Fortunately, 
Mr. Babcock was just then building for the Third Avenue 
Railroad Company the structure known as the American Insti- 
ttite Rink, Sixty-third Street and Third Avenue, New York 
City, and it was decided to hold the games in that build- 
ing Wednesday evening, November 11, 1868. Contractor and 
builder were dilatory, as usual; the morning of November 11 
broke cold and stormy; the building was not yet half-roofed, 
and the committee, scouring West and South streets with 
wagons, accumulated a quarter-acre of tarpaulins and made 
a temporary roof, under which the games were successfully 
contested. The central section of the rink had not been floored, 
and an eighth-of-a-mile path was staked out on the smooth clay 
surface. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. jg 

"In American amateur athletic circles there was at that 
cime only one pair of spiked shoes, and they belonged to W. B. 
Curtis. A professional sprinter named Davis told Curtis about 
the advantage of wearing spikes in athletic contests, so 'Father 
Bill' decided to have a pair constructed. Thereupon, Davis 
found an Irish shoemaker, who brought over some English 
spikes, and he made the pair of now world-famous shoes for the 
Father of American Athletics. They were clumsy, long-toed, 
and of such general proportions as best fitted their owner's ample 
feet. No one then knew anything about those new-fangled 
weapons, but everybody agreed that if they were in common 
use by English athletes, they must be desirable for Americans. 
So everybody wished for a pair; everybody coveted this pair, 
everybody envied their fortunate possessor, and everybody 
wished to borrow them. Their complaisant owner tried to sat- 
isfy all, and succeeded in distributing these shoes quite widely. 
After he had worn them in the 75-yard and 220-yard runs, 
H. J. Magrane used them in the quarter-mile and half-mile 
runs, H. E. Buermeyer in the shot-putting, and finally, stran- 
gest of all, they carried J. E. Russell to victory in the one-mile 
walk. 

"The contestants at the first New York Athletic Club open 
amateur meeting included all the young men in the neighbor- 
hood of New York City who had ever developed athletic ability 
in any branch of athletic sport. Not only did the programme 
show the names of all the active members of the new club and 
all their acquaintances vvho were able to exhibit good perform- 
ance at running, walking, leaping, or feats of strength, but a 
special invitation, or rather challenge, was extended to the 
New York Caledonian Club, then, as now, the most prominent 
of American Caledonian societies, and their most eminent ath- 
letes were present to compete, thus making the affair an inter- 
national match — America against Scotland. The result was, 
as might have been foreseen, America won the running and 
walking contests, while Scotland was successful with the weights 
and in pole-leaping, standing high-jump and running long-jump — 
the games most common at Caledonian meetings. 







[rtsh-Americau Atlil. 



JOHN FLANACAN. 
1. X.'w Vurk: holder of World's Record for 16-lb. 



Hammer Tbruw. 



Pictorial News Co.. Photo. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 17 

"The many thousand bicyclists of to-day will be interested 
in learning that at this meeting was given the first public exhi- 
bition of the newly-invented velocipede, — now known as ' The 
Boneshaker,' — which was the forerunner of the modern bicycle. 

"The leading sporting journal of that day reported the event 
as follows: 

" 'At this juncture the velocipede race, which the programme 
announced as the closing feature of the exercises, took place. 
;it proved nothing more — nor was it intended to be more — 
jthan an exhibition of the speed to be gained by these wonderful 
engines of locomotion. The carriage consists of but two wheels 
placed one before the other, with a treadle apparatus to spin 
them on. Without speaking a word of the velocity with which 
one can cover ground by riding this machine, the wonder is 
how he can maintain a balance on it at all. Yet this seems to 
be no part of the difficulty in navigating; on the contrary, every 
effort of the rider seems bent on driving it at break-neck speed. 
The ease and celerity with which this new method of propul- 
sion was turned around the corners of the building was amus- 
ing, and its performance was in the highest degree satisfactory.' 

"The figures credited to the winner of each event were 
claimed as the first amateur records established in America, and 
became necessarily best on record. They were a fair test of our 
ability in this line, and the remarkable progress in American ama- 
teur athletic sport since then is clearly shown by comparing those 
performances of 1868 with our present records. The compari- 
son, or rather the contrast, is as follows: 

1868 

75-yard run then, 9 s now, 

220-yard run then, 28s now, 

Quarter-mile run then, im. 20s now. 

Half-mile run then, 2m. 26s now. 

Hurdle race then, 24s now. 

One-mile walk then, ym. 50 i-2s....now. 

Standing long jump 

(with weights) then, 11 ft. 6 1-5 in . .now, 

Standing high jump... .then, 4 ft. 5 in now. 

Three standing long 

jumps (with wgts.) . .then, 33 ft. 8 in now. 

Running long jump. . .then, 17 ft now, 

Running high jump. . . .then, 5 ft. 2 in.. . . . .now, 

Pole leaping then, 8 ft. 3 in now. 

Throwing hammer. .. .then, 7^ ft now, 

Putting shot then, 35 ft. 5 in now, 



I9IO 






7 3-5S. 




21 i-i 


5s. 




47s. 






im. 


52 


4-5S. 


i.S I-, 


Ss. 




6m. 


29 


3-5S. 


12 ft. 


9 I 


-2 in. 


5 ft. 


5 I 


-4 m. 


35 ft. 


9 in. 


24 ft. 


7 I 


-4 m. 


6 ft. 


5 5 


-8 in. 


12 ft. 


Q I 


-2 m. 


184 ft. 4 


m. 


51 ft 








PUTTING THE SHOT. 
Champion Martin J. Sheridan; showing a perfect balance after delivery. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 19 

Poor " Bill" Curtis is no more, but his sarcophagus at Wood- 
lawn IS a monument to his sterling work. Mr. Curtis was 
merely twenty years ahead of his time. While it is true we 
have always referred to the games of 1868 as being the first 
athletics that were held under proper auspices, it is a well-estab- 
lished fact that there was held over in the State of New Jersey 
several sets of athletic games sometime in 1863, ^^^ there can 
be no question whatever but what the games of 1863 are, from 
a record standpoint, the first amateur athletic games held in the 
United States. 

The New York Athletic Club contmued its good work of 
building up and popularizing amateur sport. The club estab- 
lished the rules of athletics, laws of competition, inaugurated 
the first American championships which were held in 1876. 
repeated them in 1877 and 1878, and m 1879 relinquished them 
to the then governing body — the National Association of Ama- 
teur Athletes of America. From 1876 to 1882 and 1883 great in- 
terest was taken m track and field athletics, and at that time 
there must have been m America at least 150 athletic clubs 
that either gave games or entered athletes. And it will inter- 
est athletic followers to know that on November 28, 1878 
(Thanksgiving), two sets of athletic games were held in the 
City of New York; one by the Scottish-American Athletic 
Club, on its grounds in West Fifty-fourth Street, now the 
grounds of the New West Side Athletic Club, and the other 
by the Manhattan Athletic Club. One set was held in the 
J morning and the other in the afternoon. Over 750 entries 
'were received, a phenomenal number for that time. The 75- 
yards run at the Scottish- American games had no less than 
29 heats. The one-mile walk v/as divided into four heats. 
The writer well remembers the race, for he was a starter in one 
of the heats. The race was won by Harry Fredericks, after- 
ward American champion runner at one mile. His time was 
7m. 37s. These two remarkable meets did a lot for sport; 
caused more interest to be aroused, and the interest was revived 
for several years. The growth, however, of athletics — track 
and field athletics — was to a certain extent not rapid, in fact, 
it went backward from the early eighties to about the year 1888. 




(H.v.Mric <;ames. London, isxis. 

M. J. Sheridan, winn.T ..f the two Discus Thrnwing eveiita, Greek Style 
and Free Style. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. ?1 

On January 28, 1888, the Amateur Athletic Union of the 
United States was organized. Then came the bitter rivalry 
between the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States and 
the National Association of Amateur Athletes of America, both 
striving for supremacy and control of the athletic situation 
As a result numerous games and the giving of valuable prizes 
was the order of the day, and there was quite an interest aroused 
Within a year both organizations agreed that for the better- 
ment of sport a consohdation had better be perfected and the 
National Association became part of the Amateur Athletic 
Union, its clubs becoming members of the Amateur Athletic 
Union of the United States From that day to this the inter- 
est in athletics — track and field athletics — and all outdoor 
sports has been simply phenomenal. The doctors, teachers 
and college presidents, all interested in the future of our race, 
have come to the conclusion that outdoor life is sure to benefit 
mankind, and as a result this entire country of ours to-day is 
athletically alive and great interest is being taken. And it is 
becoming more so each day. Athletic clubs exist in all popu- 
lous districts, as do scholastic associations, collegiate associations, 
settlement athletic associations, and church athletic leagues. 
All are either formed or being formed for the furtherance of 
track and field athletics and wholesome sport in general, and 
it may seem odd, but, nevertheless, 1 am convinced that we 
are still in our infancy. Sport is sure to grow, and there is 
plenty of room for it. In many sections of the country organiz- 
ers are apparently not taking the interest they should in com- 
petitive athletics. 

The condition of sport to-day is certainly encouraging. It 
has been nothing unusual in the past several years for an ath- 
letic club in an ordinary open meeting to have over 500 entries 
And with the Public Schools Athletic League 1,000 entries for 
a nieeting is not a surprising event. In the city of Newark, 
on June 9, 1905, no less than 1639 schoolboys took part in 
one particular meeting, and there has just been brought to a 
very successful conclusion in the City of New York the World's 
Track and Field Competitions, given by the Sunday World 




Champion Kraenzlcin juviping. 
drazvs u 



High in air, 
his k/icss. 



Note ivelL how he 



SfALt)ING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. it 

of New York City. In the preliminary meetings no less than 
20,000 l)oys took part, and over 2,000 boys took part in the 
final heats. Such a showing, of course, is unheard of in any 
other part of the world and is easily the record. 

The present condition of sport is due to the fact that there 
have existed in America several gentlemen who have devoted 
their entire time, money and thought to advancing athletics 
and the benefits to be derived therefrom. The work has not 
been hard — it has been pleasant. And the results are being 
shown all over this country of ours. New York and vicinity 
of coursCj has shown the greatest increase, but the West has 
Come forward rapidly. The scholastic and other important 
meetings of the West create great interest, one particularly 
large athletic meeting having been held in the Coliseuni of 
Chicago a year ago. Athletics in the West are still young. 
There will be great development in that territory in the next 
few years. Unlike the East, where the athletic club and out- 
side athletic interests are prominent, college influence prevails 
in the West. 1 have always felt that to Mr. A. A. Stagg, of 
Chicago University, a great deal of credit must be given for 
the popularizing and development of college and school ath- 
letics in the West, as we understand the territory, of which 
Chicago is the central point. Mr. Stagg went from the East 
many years ago to Chicago University, and the records prove 
conclusivel}'- that when Stagg took charge they did not have 
much competitive athletics. He started the good work of 
building up amateur athletics, and it is a pity that Mr. 
Stagg has been, owing to his connections, forced to confine 
his efiForts to college and scholastic athletics. A man like 
A. A. Stagg, interesting himself in athletic work other than at 
the schools or colleges, could have accomplished a great deal 
more in other quarters. What they have been doing in the 
past is proven by the class and number of entries that they 
have received for the many games held in the West. 




IIO'M to 



take a hi^^'U In^rdU {sho.vin^^ Chantpion KraenzUin, world's 
record holder /or I20.yard hurdles). 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 25 



ATHLETIC CLUBS AND TRACKS 

Athletic clubs should be organized wherever there can be 
found a party of youngsters who are interested in the work. 
In this country we are not as enterprising as they are in Eng- 
land. In England they have all kinds of athletic associations. 
In London they have dozens of them for the mercantile inter- 
ests, as well as for the schools and colleges. Here we have 
many, but we have neglected the mercantile or the factory 
interests, in so far as it pertains to athletic clubs, and there is 
a very large field for some enterprising athletic manager. 
There should be an athletic track properly equipped in nearly 
every town in the country where there exists a factory or a 
school or a club, because an athletic track is the first considera- 
tion for track and field athletics; and in this little booklet we 
will give several plans of a track. However, it is not necessary 
that one must have a properly equipped athletic track in order 
to start athletics. An athletic track or path can be made on 
almost any grounds that are level, and the size of the track 
can vary. It can be 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, or 3 laps to a mile, but 
the larger track is not an advantageous size. The smaller the 
track the better for the spectator. The quarter mile, of course 
is the ideal track, and the one that is universally used. 

The writer well remembers a set of athletic games that were 
conducted at the summer school of Lake Champlain, and the 
track that was built there. They had in connection with the 
summer school at Lake Champlain a boys' camp. The boys 
wanted athletics, so it was decided to mark out a track and 
give a set of games. A level plot was selected. The grounds- 
man with a mower put the grass in good shape, and then a few of 
the boys with tape in hand measured out a lo-lap track. It was 
marked off with a series of flags and sticks, with a white-wash 
line for the start and finish. The making of the apparatus 
was interesting, a local carpenter furnishing nearly all of the 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY, 



27 



material, whereby the high jumping and pole-vaulting apparatus 
and everything necessary was constructed, and a very successful 
meeting resulted. This was the beginning of sport at the 
summer school. Now it is a very important adjunct to the 
school. 

Another illustration of what can be done with grounds that 
are apparently not adaptable for athletic purposes was the 
work of H. W. Kerrigan, who was Director of Sports at the 
Lewis and Clark Centennial, Portland, Ore., 1905. A diagram 
of the track as completed is appended herewith: 




DIAGRAM OF TRACK AT LEWIS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL 

EXPOSITION, PORTLAND, ORE., 1905. 



The Multnomah Club has a perfect track, but it is miles 
away from where the Exposition was held, so Mr. Kerrigan 
closed with the ball park for its grounds that adjoined the 
Exposition, and laid out a very good track on the ball field. 
A little grading had to be done, and, when finished, it was 



SrALDING'S ATHLETIC LIDUARY. 29 

one of the fastest clay- tracks of the West. On this loo-yard 
path C. L. Parsons ran loo yards in 9 4-5S. 

I have always contended that there should be in conjunction 
with all baseball grounds, athletic tracks. These tracks could 
be used for athletic training. They would be a source of 
income to the managers, and when a ball team is away ath- 
letic games could be held and made a paying investment. 

New York City has had an interesting experience with ath- 
letic tracks. The Pastime Athletic Club, of New York, held its 
games, some open and some closed, on a 12 -lap track at the 
foot of East Sixty-sixth Street. This small track was considered 
one of the best in the city, and many of America's champion 
athletes trained there. One of the first small tracks that at- 
tracted attention in the City of New York was that of the old 
Manhattan Athletic Club. It had grounds on Fifty-seventh 
and Fifty-eighth Streets and Eighth Avenue, which are to-day 
used by the West Side Branch of the Y. M. C. A. 

The Manhattan Athletic Club, during the first five years of 
its existence, had grounds less than 200 feet wide and less 
than 246 feet long, a plan of which is given in Fig. i, omitting 
the fences. The path was one-eighth of a mile in circuit, rec- 
tangular, w4th rounded corners, and, to obtain 100 yards straight- 
away, it was found necessary to build a straight path diagonally 
across the field from corner to corner, and even then the finish 
was up a steep bank and against the fence beyond. The grand 
stand was located outside of the track in one of the corners, 
and the dressing-rooms between the east end of the track and 
the fence. 

The building of a track is something that always requires a 
great deal of thought and consideration. No hard and fast 
rule can be made as to the selection of a plot to build tracks, 
but I have always contended that if the ground is high and dry 
a better track can be built for many reasons. There can be 
no question whatever that the athletic track at St. Louis 
when completed was the most perfect athletic plant that 
was ever built. The track was a third of a mile in cir- 
cumference; too large, some thought. That was the only 



START OF 



220 Yards Run 
220 Yards Hurdles 
440 Yards Run 



100 Yards Run 



FINISH OF 



220 Yards Run 
220 Yards Hurdles 
100 Yards Run 
120 Yards Hurdles 




120 Yards Hurdles 



START AND 
FINISH OF 



880 Yards Run 

1 Mile Run 
and all Long Dis- 
tance Races 
(at I.e. A. A. A. A, 
Meetings) 



440 Yards 
Run 




PLAN OF THE TRACK, HARVARD STADIUM 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LlBUAtlV 



31 



drawback. It was built in a hollow on the slope of a hill, that 
interfered a great deal with its being perfect from a draining 
standpoint. Its 220 yards straightaway, I contend, was the 
fastest 220 yards straightaway ever built in America. It was 
built in the regular way, but it was the top dressing that made 
the track perfect. Good clay was plentiful in and about the 
Fair grounds and good cinders were secured. The cinders were 
sieved to the finest possible point and mixed with 50 per cent, 
loam. As a result a top dressing was put on that packed 




readily, and kept together well, and was fast going, as the run- 
ning on that track that year proved. 

An all-cmder track is absolutely worthless. The cinders 
won't pack, they tear up easily, and it's the hardest kind of 
a track to keep in condition. A track 5° per cent, clay is 
easy to care for, and does not require much work. To be sure, 
after a ram-storm it has its disadvantages; but, for all-round 
use, a track made as above is superior to an all-cinder track. 
But if we must choose between an all-cinder track and an 




McCOMB'S DAM PARK. NEW YORK CITY 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 33 

all-clay track, by all means have the clay track, for our 
records prove that an all-clay track is faster, when in con- 
dition, than an all-cinder track. Nearly all of the fastest 
performances made in the world by sprinters have been made 
on tracks that might be termed clay tracks. 

The advantage of a cinder and clay path is mainly that it is 
not so dusty in dry weather nor muddy in wet weather. 

The track must be light and springy, and should be sprinkled 
every day or two during the dry weather and rolled every day. 
The object sought is to keep the path smooth, firm and springy, 
instead of rough, brittle and heavy, and only experiment can 
determine accurately just what means will effect the desired 
end. 

The sprinkling and rolling should be done at morning or 
evening twilight, and water should not be thrown on the path 
to be quickly evaporated during the heat of the day, thus mak- 
ing surface brittle. In addition to the use of the roller the 
path should be regularly brushed with a coarse, heavy broom, 
either mounted on wheels or dragged along the ground. This 
method can be used in spreading layers during construction, 
aiid has same effect as a harrow, loosening up the surface and 
preventing it from becoming caked. A coarse mat dragged 
over the surface helps greatly in smoothing it. 

Where the top dressing remains loose and mealy, refusing to 
pack properly after repeated rolling, the admixture of a little 
loam or clay with the cinders will usually remedy the difficulty. 
The most common defects in tracks are lack of sufficient rolling 
and wetting, and use of top dressing of coarse unsifted cinders, 
instead of fine ashes run through the finest obtainable sieve. 

As to the method of laying a track, no positive rules can be 
laid down. Another way is to dig out the whole ground about 
I foot deep, then throw in 4 inches of small broken stones or 
rough gravel, which will lie loose and allow water to soak through 
easily; over this. 4 inches of clinkers and loam; then a few inches 
of coarse cinders, and finally a top dressing of fine sifted ashes or 
burnt brick-dust or clay. This process is costly, and in most 
cases as useless as expensive. Unless the selected grounds are 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 35 

a swamp, it will be quite sufficient to level that part of the 
ground to be occupied by the path and inner field; then put 
on the path 2 or 3 inches of coarse cinders, and then 3 
inches of fine top dressing, thus raising the path 4 or 5 inches 
above the inner field. This path will drain promptly and be in 
every respect as good as if built over an artificial subcellar. 

After a track has been built it should not be allowed to run 
down, constant attention being necessary to keep it up to a 
high standard of efficiency. It is simply money wasted to build 
athletic tracks at a great expense and then expect them to keep 
in condition without any further attention. A groundsman 
should be employed, whose duty it should be to care for the 
track exclusively. It should be gone over every day and 
scraped and rolled and all the uneven surfaces brought up to a 
level. The best made tracks will develop an unevenness and a 
good way to discover where such depressions exist is to go out 
on the track immediately after a rainstorm and note where the 
puddles occur, throwing into each a small block of wood to 
serve as a marker when the water has disappeared. These 
places should then have particular attention right away. It is 
also a good plan to have several loads of the finest sieved cinders 
constantly on hand, which should be worked in from time to 
time with the top dressing, rolled, scraped and watered. 

And in connection with the question of building trrxks, I 
take great pleasure in publishing the directions furnished by Mr. 
F. W. Rubien, civil engineer, of the St. George's Athletic Club, 
New York City. I have worked on many tracks in connection 
with Mr. Rubien, and, he having made the subject a study, 
is considered to-day one of the most expert men in this line in 
America. 

SPECIMEN ATHLETIC TRACKS. 

McCOMB'S DAM PARK TRACK. 

The directions given the contractor for constructing the track 
in McComb's Dam Park, New York City, were as follows: 

The measurement line of the track is 18 inches outside of the 
inner curb. The grade of the track must be perfectly level 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LiBRAftV 37 

along this line. On the straight portion on the northerly side 
of the field a slope of 2 inches in 20 feet will be sufficient for 
surface drainage. On the sharp turns at east and west of field 
the track must be banked, sloping gradually to 2 feet higher 
than the level along measurement line. On the 600 feet curve 
along the south of the field the bank should be sloped up 6 
inches from the curb. The inside and outside curbs should be 
i|x6 inches wood, 2 inches of which will show above the 
path and 4 inches underground; 4 feet, 3X4-inch stakes 
driven in the ground about 4 feet apart are required to hold 
the curbs or borders in place. The curbs are bent around the 
curves by sawing slits xi their inner edges as frequently as neces- 
sary, thus making line of curve true and not a succession of 
straight edges. The track will be drained by a 4-inch drain 
along the inside of the inner curb, about 2 feet underground. 
Connections with the surface of the track about 100 feet apart 
are necessary. The inner field should be drained with 2 -inch 
agricultural tile-drains, crossing field in lines about 30 feet 
apart, to keep inner field dry. 

The method of laying the track should be as follows: 
The present surface of filling should be given a slope toward 
the inner curb and drain of about 3 inches in 20 feet, A layer 
of broken stone, at least 2 inches deep, to be rolled and shaoed 
so that it will be 7 inches below final grade of track. Upon 
this a layer of 3 inches of coarse cinders to be carefully spread 
and rolled in thin layers and thoroughly soaked while being 
rolled. 

The final layer or top dressing is to be laid in the same man- 
ner. It is to be 3 inches in thickness, and consists of a mixture 
of loam and cinders in the proportion of half loam and 
half cinders. Both to be thoroughly mixed after sifting in 
most careful manner, using finest sieve. This layer is then 
carefully spread and rolled. 

MANHATTAN FIELD. 

In the spring of 1883, the Manhattan Athletic Club secured 
a lease of the lot bounded by Eighty-sixth and Eighty-seventh 




NEW WEST SIDE ATHLETIC CLUB. NEW YORK CITY 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 




Fig. 2. 
Streets, Eighth and Ninth Avenues, 200 feet wide by 800 feet 
long, and made of this the best athletic ground in the neigh- 
borhood of New York City. A ground plan of these grounds is 
shown in Fig. 2, omitting the fences and also that portion of 
the field west of the quarter-mile path. The path was a quarter- 
mile in circuit, two straight sides about 150 yards in length, 
connected by curved ends somewhat flatter than semi-circles, 
and about 79 yards in circuit. The north or straight side of 
the path was prolonged to the western fence, making a 220- 
yards straightaway course, in its day considered the fastest 
and best in America. The diagram which is shown in Fig. 
2 sufficiently indicates the general arrangement of the grounds, 
which, although the best near the metropolis at that time, 




AAAA— Grand Stand. BBB— 50 Yard Track. C— Broad and High Jump. 
Shot Put. E— Dressing- Room. FFF— Stands. G— Exit. 

MOTT HAVEN A. C. NEW YORK. 



D— 



SrALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 4J 

could have been bettered had the Hmits of the land allowed. 
The outside width of the grounds, from street to street, was 
20I feet 5 inches, and being a sunken lot, 12 or 15 feet below 
the street level, the sloping banks on either side reduced the 
actual width of the available ground to about 180 feet. 

This track was always referred to as a model athletic 
track, but we have gone rapidly forward in the construction 
of athletic tracks, as one can easily see by looking at the dia- 
grams published in this book. 

Diagram No. 4 (on opposite page) — This is a quarter-mile 
path, with one side prolonged so far as the grounds will allow 
for a straightaway course. The straight sides are no yards in 
length and 6g yards i inch apart, measured from curb to curb. 
The sides are joined at either end by semi-circles having a 
radius of 103 feet 6h inches from center to curb. 

This form of path is the best possible for foot-racing; 
easy for contestants and not naturally slower than the 
Model A in Fig. 3 — four straight sides joined by curved 
corners. Under no circumstances should the path be less 
than 12 feet wide, and 15 feet or 18 feet should be obtained 
if possible. If it is not practicable to make the whole path 
18 feet or 20 feet wide, that breadth should certainly be 
given to the straightaway — sprint side (from B to A, in Fig. 4). 
The outer edge of the path should be a stout picket fence, not 
less than 4 feet high, continuous around the whole path, except 
where the grand stand serves in its stead. There may be in this 
fence as many gates as convenience requires, but during ath- 
letic meetings all should be securely locked, save the one at 
the grand stand (W, in Fig. 4). A fence between the track 
and the inner field, found on old-fashioned grounds, is useless. 

The grand stand should be located as shown at D, in Fig. 4, 
on the other side of the track from the finish of all the races. 
If there be not room on the side, on account of the narrowness 
of the grounds, it can be put in one corner, as at the Manhattan 
Athletic Club grounds (C, Fig 2). The worst place of all is on the 
same side with the finish line, which works very well in horse- 
racing, but is unsatisfactory in athletics, because the occupants 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



43 



of the stands cannot see the contestants well as they near the 
finish line, and, in an interesting race, always jump up, one 
after the other, until everybody is standing and no one except 
those in the front rank can see. The floor of the front row of 
seats on the stand should not be less than six feet above the 
level of the track, so that the view of the spectators can never 
be obstructed by persons standing or walking in front of the 
stands. On the outer edge of the path, in front of the grand 
stand, there should be a single row of seats reserved exclusively 
for contestants, and officials not actively engaged in the contests 
then taking place. 

The space under the grand stand should be used for dressing- 
rooms, bath-rooms, closets, etc. It is better to divide it into 
four or five small rooms than to make one large hall. The 
dressing-rooms should have a plentiful supply of chairs, tables, 
and looking-glasses, and the bath-rooms a liberal array of 
bowls and tubs. Along the side of the hall near the door 
(V, Fig. 4) should be an office with a stand of small lock-boxes, 
on the same plan as those used in public bathing establish- 
mefits, in one of which each contestant may deposit his money 
and jewelry and take the key. Outside the room, along the 
side of the hall, should be a rack for the numbers used by the 
contestants, so that as each one goes out to^the path he may 
obtain his correct number and pin it on his shirt. 




Fig. 3. 
AN OLD TIME PLAN OF ATHLETIC TRACK INSIDE A CYCLE TRACK. 




OLYMPIC GAMES. LONDON, 1908. 
Melvln W. Sheppard. the world's most remarkable middle distance runner; 
winner of the 800 Meter Run, 1.500 Meter Run, and member of the Relay 
Team that won the world's championship at Loudon. 

Photo by E. R. Bushnell, Philadelphia; taken In London. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAJllf. 45 

In the spaces marked E and F, Fig. 4, club houses can be 
built whenever the state of the treasury warrants such an out- 
lay. The one in the corner, F, can include parlors, reading- 
rooms and billiard-rooms, while the one at E can be used as 
dressing-room, locker-room and bath-room for the club mem- 
bers, as well as residence for the track-master, if desired. Until 
this house is built one of the dressing-rooms and bath-rooms 
under the grand stand should be reserved exclusively for club 
members. 

On either side of the path, at places marked H, H, H, H, 
Fig. 4, rows of free seats can be erected, as many as are found 
to be necessary. 

The position of the baseball diamond, catcher's path and 
back-stop are clearly shown in Fig. 4, I and O. It may be 
shifted a little in either direction, if found desirable. 

N, N, S, and T, Fig. 4, represents the position of the four goal 
posts for football. The best way to arrange them is to sink four 
posts, a foot in diameter and four feet long, two inches below the 
the surface of the field. These posts have in their upper ends 
holes a foot deep, into which the goal posts fit. When not in 
use remove the goal posts, put wooden plugs into the holes 
and cover up the sunken posts, so as to leave the ground unob- 
structed. 

The inner field may also be readily used for lacrosse, whose 
goal flags can be taken up and put down without previous 
preparation. All that portion of the inner field beginning at 
the upper end of the path, and reaching down toward the base 
ball diamond as far as is found necessary, may be marked into 
lawn tennis courts. 

The press stand should be one row of seats raised at least six 
feet above the path, right across the finish line, where the re- 
porters can see everything, ask questions of the officials who 
are congregated at the finish line, and conveniently obtain all 
the information for their business. This stand should be care- 
fully guarded, and admittance refused to all persons save actual 
reporters. If athletic clubs wish their games reported kindly 
and correctly, they need not furnish to reporters what they do 



1 

^1 






l_ '^^^K 




^^1^ 



ROBERT EDGREN, 
Of the New York A.C., and Sp<.rtiiis Editor Evening World, New York, 
Throwing the Discus. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 47 

not want, — namely, free lunch, free cigars, free whiskey and 
free "blarney," — but should provide instead what they need 
namely, elbow room to work comfortably, freedom from annoy 
ance from outsiders, positions where they can. see all that is tc 
be seen and hear all that is to be heard, and courteous, prompt, 
and satisfactory answers to all questions asked of the officials 
concerning any matters about which they need information. 

The turf path for hurdle racing should be laid out about as 
shown at C, Fig. 4, not less than 16 feet and 140 yards long. 
When not m use the hurdles are kept outside the path, whose 
start and finish are marked only by pegs driven down even 
with the surface of the ground, so that the field is not obstructed 
except when the hurdles are in use. Of course, if the turf be 
not good at the indicated place, the hurdle races may be run 
elsewhere in the field, but the game demands smooth, firm, 
turf, and especial care should be taken to provide such a path. 

The American custom is to run and walk with the left side 
toward the curb, and the finish line of all sprint races should 
be as shown at B, Fig. 4, near the end of the final straight line, 
directly in front of the press stand and across the field from 
the grand stand, and the start and finish of all distance races 
should be marked at (S). The most convenient positions for 
the places arranged for jumping and pole-leaping are shown at 
P, Q, and R, Fig. 4. If the circles for shot, hammer, and 56 
pound weight are located about as shown at J, K, and L, Fig. 4, 
it will be found that their use will not mar the turf of the base 
ball diamond; that the shot and 56 will fall into the same 
alighting-ground, thus lessening the injury to the grass, and 
that the hammer-thrower, let him throw as erratically as he 
may, will be unable to kill a spectator. 

It is, of course, well enough to have the path laid out by a 
surveyor or civil engineer, but where it is essential to save 
expense an intelligent committee can do the work satisfactorily. 
To lay out the path shown in Fig. 4, first mark out by a row of 
small wooden pegs a straight line down the center of the field 
from one end to the other. On this line stick two large pegs, 540 
feet I inch apart, marking the point where it is wished to have 




MADISON SQUARE GARDEN. NEW YORK CITY 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 49 

the extreme points of the end of the path. From these two 
large pegs measure off 105 feet ^ inch toward the center and 
mark the points by stakes. Then, with a wire 105 feet 5 inches 
in length, held at one end against the stakes and having at 
the other a sharp spike, scratch out on the ground the semi- 
circular ends; mark them out by rows of small pegs and con- 
nect their ends by similar rows of pegs, which will be the straight 
sides. Then measure carefully around the course thus marked 
out by pegs, and if it is found a few inches longer or shorter 
than a quarter mile, adjust some of the end pegs so as to make 
it exactly correct. Then mark out the line for the curb, 18 
inches inside this measurement line, all around the field, and 
the track is laid out as well as could be done by any 
engineer. 

The curb should be of 3x9 -inch wood, three inches above the 
path and six inches under ground, so as to be firm. This should 
be bent around the curves by sawing slits into its inner edges 
as frequently as necessary, thus making the line of the curb 
true and not a succession of straight edges, as is sometimes 
seen. Holes should be bored through this curb every few 
feet, just at the surface of the path, so as to allow the water to 
run through into the inner field, and there should be, just inside 
of the curb, an open ditch or covered drain to receive the water. 
The track should have a slope from outside to inside, just 
enough so that the water will run off freely into the inner field. 
The lowest part of the path should not be less than three inches 
above the level of the inner field, so that in wet weather the 
path will drain freely and promptly. 

On the ends the path should be sloped up from the curb, so 
as to permit draining. On a quarter-mile path, such as is 
shown in Fig. 4, the slope at the curves should be about one- 
quarter inch to the foot; so, if the path is fifteen feet wide, the 
outer edge will be about 4 inches higher than the inner. Where 
the path is less than a quarter mile in circuit, or is made with 
four straight sides and four rounded corners, or on an eighth- 
of-a-mile track, it is only necessary to allow a couple of inchef 
for drainage. 




E. LUNGHI, 
Iiish-Aiueiicau Athletic Club. N(n\ i'ork; famous Italiau runner who created 
a bcusatKin at Olympic Games, 1908: holder of record for 
S.*-0 yards, 

Foley, rhoio. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 51 

HOW TO LAY OUT THE TRACK. 

Get the center of the track; from there measure to the start 
on each end of the plan 60 feet ii^ inches, which will give you 
the full lengths of the straights, 121 feet lol- inches. To get 
the width, on each side of center measure 43 feet 9 inches; that 
will give you 87 feet 6 inches. To get the half circle exact on 
each end, put a brad awl or some pointed tool through the 
loop on end of tape measure, then run tape out to 43 feet g 
inches, and with a piece of chalk mark out a line which will 
connect with the two straights on both ends of track. After 
the track is marked out with chalk, a wood curbing can be put 
down, or a wide, whitewash mark. The wood curbing is prefer- 
able, as it prevents any cutting of the corners by competitors. 
By using one-inch square pine-strips and making them two or 
three inches high, putting one down at a time and nailipg the 
others on, a quick, good, and inexpensive job can be done. 
To have the individual lanes as used in the Amateur Athletic 
Union indoor championships, make your half-circle on thes 
end, as before, and add 4 feet 6 inches to each lane on your 
tape; that will give the same width lane to each competitor. 
Put a good, plain whitewash mark on the three extra lanes, 
and in the flat races, instead of using strings to rope in each 
lane, a few small flags around the turns wnll answer the pur- 
pose, and they can be put down and taken up much more 
quickly than the strings. In the two straightaways it is better 
to run the strings; that can be done easily by using small screw 
eyes at the ends to fasten the cords to, and three 15-inch upright 
pointed wire rods will be found sufficient to raise each of the 
three lines. To get the exact scratch starting mark of each 
lane, allow 28 feet 3^ inches to second, 56 feet 6J inches to 
third, and 84 feet 10 inches to fourth lane from the actual in- 
side or curb mark. That makes each lane measured 18 inches 
from the curb exactly the same — 528 feet to the lap, the track 
measuring 10 laps to a mile. In the 220-yard hurdle event 
the Madison Square Garden track plan shows very plainly the 
position of the hurdles for start of event. After the start the fol- 
lowing nine changes have to be made quickly during the run- 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 53 

ning of race; Put in 9th and take out ist and 2d hurdle on 
lane one. Take out ist hurdle in lanes two and three. Put 
in the loth hurdle in each lane; that will give you the ten flights 
distance between each being 60 feet. 

RUNNING TRACK AT JAMESTOWN. 

The accompanying plan shows a track of 4 laps to one mile. 
The straight portion allows of a 220-yard run, and is 25 feet 
wide; the remaining portion is 20 feet wide. The line of meas- 
urement is taken 18 inches outside of inner curb. 

The grade of the track should be perfectly level along this line. 
On the straight portion a slope toward the drain of i mch in 
20 feet will be the desired grade for drainage. On the curves 
the outside edge should be banked to a height of about 4 or 5 
Inches and gradually slope to the straight portion. 

The infield should slope toward the track and have a fall cf 
5 inches per 100 feet. To drain the track and field dig a trench 
along the inner edge of the inner curb about 18 inches deep, 
and lay in it a 4-inch farm drain, and build brick catch-basins 
about 250 feet apart to take the surface water during and after 
a ram. Fill this trench with broken or field stone, and cover 
with sods face downward, or straw, to prevent small stones from 
chokmg the drain. Cover these sods with earth to leyel of 
field. To construct the track after field is graded dig a trench 
10 inches deep and 20 or 25 feet wide, as plans may call for. 
Carefully roll this surface and have curves banked properly. 
The surface of this trench to slope i incn in 20 feet toward the 
drains excepting at the curves, where slope will be gradual up 
,' to 18 inches and return to i inch for the other straightaway. 
After curbs are laid and inner curb is made perfectly level and 
top is 2 inches higher than level of finished track, lay a bed of 
5 inches of coarse, clean, steam-boiler cinders, and carefully roll 
with heavy 2 -horse roller. When evenly rolled lay a i-inch 
bed of clear clay free from stones larger than J inch in diameter. 
Roll as before. In laying final layer of 4 inches of top dressing, 
great care must be taken to obtain the powdered screenings of 
steam-boiler ashes, free from stones, slate, clinker or unburnt 



SPALDING'S ATHLfiTiC LllikAllV. 65 

coal, to be mixed in the proportion of one-half of ashes or cin- 
ders to one- half parts of clay, all to be screened through ^-inch 
mesh screen. Spread carefully and roll until smooth and of 
proper hardness. Water connections should be made for the 
track, as sprinkhng is much needed in laying the track and 
keeping it in good order. The running portion of jumps are 
prepared in the same way as the track. The pits are dug to 
a depth of i foot, and filled with fine clean sand mixed with 
clean earth which will not pack easily. 

SIXTY-NINTH REGIMENT ARMORY, 
NEW YORK CITY. 

The drill hall in this armor}^ is almost square, and meas- 
ures 182 feet 10 inches by 202 feet. This space cannot be 
given up entirely for the purposes of a running track, as a glass 
guncase 2 feet wide runs the entire length of the westerly side, 
and four stairways to the gallery are in the corners. Boxes 
are to be placed along the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth 
Street sides, further reducing the available space. A well- 
shaped track of 10 laps to the mile will allow of 20 leet between 
the curb and the glass guncases, and average about 16^ feet 
between the curb and the boxes. 

A straight dash of 65 yards is provided, allowing 10 yards 
for a break at the finish. The lanes are 3. V feet wide. The 
drill floor is of hardwood; and the center of curves, tangent 
points, starts and finishes, as well as the lanes for the dash, are 
indicated by the heads of brass screws countersunk in the floor. 
This will permit of the track and lanes being readily marked 
out with white chalk and the floor cleaned after the games. 
Most armories have the inner curb of the track painted on the 
floor with a white band 2 inches wide. Spiked shoes have 
damaged the armory floors to such an extent that many are 
having softwood flooring made in sections, to be used to lay 
over the regular floor, and to be taken up and stored away 
when not in use. This flooring is made for spiked shoe running, 
and gives excellent results. 




n.VRRY F. PORTER, 

Irlsb-Aiuerican Athletic Clul. XeNv York, winning high jump at Canadian 

Championships, 1909. 

Courtesy Montreal Standard. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIRRARY, 



57 



A method of placing curbing on board floors is to have a 
number of detachable curved strips fastened to the floor and 
used on the curves only. This strip is about i^ inches high, 
and prevents an athlete from cutting corners in a race. At 
some indoor meets. M^here a sufficient number of inspectors are 




I EntranoB 



SIXTY-NINTH REGIMENT ARMORY. BOARD FLOOR TRACK. 



not on duty, very foul running is caused by the runners trying 
to pass each other on the inside of the curb line. The raised 
curb has a tendency to produce fairer running. Where a 
raised curb is missing, ropes supported on posts ought to mark 
the Inner curb, 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY, 69 

FIELD EVENTS. 

HURDLE RACES. 
The championship race — the one most commonly found at 
first-class meetings — is 120 yards straightaway, over lo hurdles, 
each 3 feet 6 inches high. The first hurdle is 15 yards from 
the starting line, each hurdle being 10 yards from its neighbor, 
and the tenth hurdle is 15 yards from the finish line. The 
next race in popularity is 220 yards, over 10 hurdles, each 
2 feet 6 inches high, the first hurdle being 20 yards from the 
starting line, with a space of 20 yards between the hurdles, 
and 20 yards between the last hurdle and the finish hue. 



'3 


'^ 


'^■'' 




ti 





Foster Safety Hurdle at the World's Fair, St. Lmii:-,. 

The Foster Patent Safety Hurdle is now universally used. 
This is a combination hurdle, strong and serviceable, is ad- 
mitted to be the best hurdle for practice purposes, and is easily 
adjustable to 2 feet 6 inches or 3 feet 6 inches, taking away 
all the unnecessary delay that one encounters when the old- 
style hurdle is used. Now and then one sees the old and cum- 
bersome style, but it is not popular. 

PUTTING THE SHOT. 

The shot is put from a 7-foot circle, the same as those used 
for the hammer and 56-pound weight, but 2 feet of the cir- 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



61 




P 



cumference of this circle, across its front, must be a toe-board 
4 inches in height. This board is shown in Fig. 8. It is a 

piece of wood (A) 4 inches in 
height, 2 feet long and about 
4 inches thick, hollowed out 
so as to fit the circumference 
of the circle. Through this 
plank (A) pass rods of half- 
inch iron, B, B, sharpened 
at the bottom end. When 
needed for use these pins are 
driven into the ground until 
the inside face of the plank 
is just even with the circum- 
ference of the circle, making 
a firm obstacle, against which 
the putter can kick his forward 
toe when he delivers the shot. When not in use this toe- 
board can be pulled up, and thus the same 7-foot circle 
can be used for all four games, the shot, discus, hammer, and 
56-pound weight, if necessary. 

RUNNING LONG JUMP. 
For this event a place should be prepared, as shown in Fig. 
6. A is a smooth cinder or turf path, about 120 feet long, 
leading up to the take-off, B, which must be a joist 8 inches 



Fig. 8. 




u 



Fig. 6. 



wide, let in even with the surface of the ground and firmly 
fastened in its place, so that the athlete may jump from the 
ball of his foot placed on this joist. From about 16 to 25 



gl SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

feet from the take-off line the ground should be dug up at 
least a foot deep, all stones removed and lumps broken up, so 
that the jumper may alight fearlessly and clear as much ground 
as possible with no danger of hurting himself in alightmg. 
This trench of soft earth should be about 5 feet wide, and on 
each side of it should be laid an inch-plank (D, D, Fig. 6), stand- 
ing on edge, even with the surface of the field and the upper 
edge marked off into feet and inches, from the start- 
ing line. Then, after each jump, by laying a six-foot 
lath or rod (E, Fig. 6) directly across the trench, exactly 




I 



VAULTING STANDARD. 

AND 
POLE5. 




Fig. 10. 



Sl'ALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 63 

where the jumper aHghted, the distance can be read on the 
side planks, and thus save the time and trouble of measuring 
each jump with a tape line. 

RUXxNING HIGH JUMP AND POLE-VAULT. 

For this event there should be a run-up. the same as for the 
running long jump, but no starting joist, and the trench of 
soft earth commences immediately at the starting line, where 
the poles are placed. It should be 8 feet wide and lo feet 
long, so that the various styles of jumpers may have plenty ot 
space to alight in it safely. 

The apparatus used for high jumping and pole-vaulting is 
shown in Illustration No. ic. 




THE POLE VAULT. 

In the All-Around Championship it is the Pole Vault that puts a great many of 

the competitors out. but in this event Sheridan is at home. He is here vaulting 

10 feet C) ^ inches, which is wonderful for a man that can throw the weights, 

run and jump as he can. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LiBRARY. 



65 



SMALL PUBLIC PARK GYMNASIUMS 
AND TRACKS 

The need of public playgrounds in the most densely populated 
districts in New York City was agitated for many years, finally 
resulting in the demolition of a few blocks of tenements in 
different parts of the city, and convertmg them into play- 
grounds containing running tracks, outdoor gymnasiums, chil- 
dren's playgrounds, and, in some of the parks, public baths ^nd 
swimming pools. One of these blocks taken had been known 
for many years as "lung block," on account of its record for the 
number of deaths from tuberculosis. These parks have caused 
a remarkable improvement in property fronting on them, old 




ST. GABRIEL'S PARK. NEW YORK CITY. 

buildmgs being removed and substantial schools, institutions, 
and other new buildings replacing them. These parks are the 
Wm. H. Seward Park, having a playground area of 17,450 
square feet, a gymnasium area of 19,060 square feet, a running 
track area of 7,390 square feet, the track being about 8^ laps 
to a mile; the mfield, 100x250 feet. The straight portion is 
150 feet, and the two curves being half circles with a radius of 
50 feet. 

St. Gabriel's Park has a playground area of 14,310 square 
feet, a gymnasium area of 15,210 square feet, a running track 



r^ 



L 



I 



il 



p. 
§ 

H 

u 

H 
P 




3^ JIZI 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



67 



area of 6,688 square feet and of lo laps to a mile. The infield 
is 220 X 80 feet, two curves of a radius of 40 feet and straight 
portion of 140 feet. 

De Witt Clinton Park has two playgrounds, each having an 
area of 50,340 sqiiare feet. The gymnasium area is 19,057 
square feet, and the running track area of 7,392 square feet is 



m B El ET 



ntTlU 




B 
B 
B 


Q □ Q H 


B 
B 

B 
B 


n 


/^ ^"\ 


r-1 


0/ 

H 
B 
B 
R 




B 

B 

B 
1 

B 




^^ ^^ 




B 


B in . Q B 


B 



HAMILTON FISH PARK, NEW YORK CITY, 

a 9-lap track with an infield of 90 x 245 feet, straight portion 
155 feet, and two half circles with a radius of 45 feet. 

The Thomas Jefferson Park is the largest of these parks, and 
has two playgrounds, each having an area of 89,694 square 
feet. The two gymnasiums each have an area of 74,626 square 
feet, and the two 6 J laps to the mile running tracks each have 
an area of 17,430 square feet. In this park the boys and girls 
each have their own track, symnasium and playgrounds. The 



SrALDINO.'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



infields of the tracks are 160x310 feet. The straights are 150 
feet, and the two half circles have a radius of 80 feet. Hamil- 
ton Fish Park has a track 8i laps to the mile, the infield being 
120 X 200 feet, with four quadrants having a radius of 45 feet 
and straights of 110 feet. 

Tompkins Square Park has a plant similar to the others, the 
track being small, of about 10 laps to a mile. In constructing 



zUli 



[L 



JJlk 




W. H. SEWARD PARK, NEW YORK CITY. 

these playgrounds the general excavations are made to a depth 
of 13 inches below the finished grade. The ground is then 
properly rolled. Trenches are cut to a depth of 12 inches 
below this grade, say i foot wide, and 3-inch porous tile pipe 
are laid in such a manner as to properly dram the ground. 
These tiles are then covered with broken stone to the finished 
subgrade of the ground in general. An 8-inch foundation of 
rubblestone is put m place, and the top surface of same is 



70 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAftt. 

rough broken with hammers. After this foundation has been 
properly prepared, a 2-inch layer of broken stone (approxi- 
mately I inch) is spread over it and rolled. A thin coating of 
clay and about 3 inches of gravel is then spread over the entire 
area, raked in, watered, and rolled unti^ the surface forms a 
practically smooth finish. The gravel used is what is known 
as park standard, fnie bridle-road gravel. 

The gymnasium ground inside of the running track is con- 
structed in a similar manner. 

In constructing the running track the ground is regulated to 
a depth of 8 inches below finished grade and thoroughly rolled. 
A layer of 4 inches of clean, sharp sand is spread, and on the 
top of this the finishing surface, 4 inches of clean, steam cinders, 
is spread and rolled to its finished grade. The outlines or 
curbs of the track are defined by bluestone edging 2^ inches. 

Around the outer edge of the tracks are high iron fences, to 
keep the crowds off the track and gymnasium. 

These tracks are well adapted to running with heeled, shoes, 
the top dressing being too coarse for spiked shoe running. 
Crowds of boys use these tracks, and there is very little oppor- 
tunity for the men to use them. 

The gymnasiums have galvanized frames about 60 x 40 feet 
and 16 feet high, to which are attached four inclined ladders of 
Georgia pine, eight sliding poles, two climbing poles, two climb- 
ing ropes, twelve pairs of traveling rings, four pairs of flying 
rings, four pairs of chest poles, four horizontal ladders, and six 
vertical ladders, two approach boards, four horizontal bars, 
two vaulting horses, two vaulting bucks, two parallel bars, two 
pairs of jump standards, two tether ladders, four pairs outdoor 
basket ball goals, and six vaulting poles. 

The girls' gymnasiums have a similar galvanized iron frame 
60 X 40 X 16 feet high, to which are attached six flying nngs, a 
giant stride with attachments for eight ropes, and two balance 
swings. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBKIARY. 



71 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS ATHLETIC LEAGUE 
TRACKS 

SMALL CIRCULAR TRACKS. 
The diagram, showing a circular track on a plot 200 by 
2"oo feet, or equivalent to 16 lots of 25 by 100 feet, was pre- 
pared to show what could be done in the way of providing a 

200' 





o 
t:3 :zi 



.H ^ 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



73 



track in a small space adjoining a public school in New York 
City. The general run of blocks is 200 feet in width, and a 
10-lap circular track, 15 feet in width, having a straightaway 
of 75 yards diagonally across the field, can be readily laid on 
such a field. The infield can be used for basket ball or tennis, 
beside the usual field events, such as high and broad jumping, 
pole-vaulting, and weight throwing. 




Plan of Public School Athletic Field, Staten Maud, showing one-fifth 

of a mile running track, basket ball and tennis courts, foot ball and 

base ball fields. 

CURTIS HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC FIELD. 
This school occupies a commanding view overlooking New 
York Bay, at Samt George, Staten Island. An additional strip 
of land was purchased, and provision for new school buildings 
prevented the track occupying land within 100 feet of the 
school. The greater part of the field is on a plain that slopes 
abruptly toward St. Marks Place. On the sloping part of the 
field a grand stand seating i.ooo is provided, and three terraced 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 75 

basket-ball or tennis courts are arranged so as not to interfere 
with several very old and very large trees. 

The track measures 5 laps to a mile, is 15 feet wide and 18 
feet wide on the 120-yard dash, and on the curve and straight 
along the westerly side, making a 220-yard dash 18 feet wide 
with one-quarter turn. The shape of the field being almost 
square, the track has the appearance of being a square, with 
the four corners curved by quarter circles having an 80-foot 
radius. The sides are 166 feet 8 inches long, and the lengths 
along the width no feet„ The curves are not very sharp, and, 
being quarter circles, the straights between curves are con- 
venient places for runners to pass each other instead of passing 
on a curve, as on an oval track, or waiting until the long straights 
are reached. The usual jumping and weight throwing pro- 
visions are made, and the infield makes a splendid base ball, 
foot ball, and lacrosse field. 

This seems to be the ideal place for an athletic field, and it 
would be well, in planning the high schools of the future, to 
provide for athletic fields in the school yards. 

The plans for grading provide for a track elevation of 126 
feet above high water. This causes the least amount of grad- 
ing on two-tnirds of the field, and is the elevation of the base 
of the school building. The field will slope toward the track 
with a fall of about 5 inches in 100 feet. For a distance of 
100 feet along the northerly or St. Marks Place side of the 
field, a fill running from nothing to 9 feet is necessary, on 
account of the decided slope the field takes. This is unfortu- 
nate, as the 120-yard dash will be on an embankment, which 
will be terraced. 



P. S. A. L. TRACK AT FLATBUSH. 

Through the efforts of the Public Schools Athletic League, 
the city of New York purchased land for athletic fields, upon 
which are being built running tracks fully equipped for all 
field events, tennis, or basket-ball courts, and the infield large 
enough to allow of baseball and foot ball contests. 



76 SPALDIxNG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

The largest of these fields is at Flatbush, Brooklyn, between 
Avenues K and L, and between East Sixteenth and East Sev- 
enteenth streets. 

The block is 200 by 800 feet long, and, through the closing 
of East Sixteenth Street, an additional strip of 60 feet was 
added, making the field 260 by 800 feet. This plot adjoins 
the Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach railroads, and is 
also accessible by trolley-cars. It is intended to make this the 
principal field for all contests, and the quarter-mile oval track 
upon it is 20 feet wide and has a 220-yard straightaway. The 
track has two tangents 319.39 feet long and two principal 
curves of a radius of 92.48 feet, connected with the tangents 
by four small arcs each 32.55 feet long, of a radius of 400 feet. 
This prevents the curves from being as sharp as they would 
be if tangents and semicircles only were used. Nine catch 
basins and drains are depended upon for surface and subsur- 
face drainage. The infield will have two baseball diamonds, 
and in the foot ball season a regulation foot-ball field, either 
for Intercollegiate or Rugby foot ball. It is also large enough 
for a regulation lacrosse field. In addition to the usual runs 
and pits for high and broad jumping, pole-vaulting, shot-putting, 
and hammer throwing, four clay basket-ball and tennis courts 
are provided. An additional space for four more courts along 
Avenue K will not be used for the present, as upon it are twenty- 
two fine chestnut and shade trees. The field will be surrounded 
by a wire-mesh fence, which will permit of the games being 
viewed from three surrounding streets. Between the 220-yard 
dash and the railroad property a grand stand capable of holding 
2,500 people will be erected. Underneath the stand will be 
shower-baths and locker-rooms. The natural condition of this 
plot was that of a heavily wooded, slightly-sloping field, requir- 
ing a wedge-shape cut of 2 feet at the Avenue K end of field 
sloping to nothing at the center, and a corresponding fill toward 
Avenue L. After grading, a trench 12 inches deep was dug 
upon the lines of the track. A 4-inch layer of small, broken 
stone was laid in the bottom of the trench, and upon it a 4-inch 
layer of coarse cinders. The top layer is 4 inches of clay and 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



77 



finely screened cinders The field slopes toward the track 
and has a fall of 5 inches per 100 feet. 

P. S. A. L TRACK. LONG ISLAND CITY. 

The field at Astoria, Long Island City, is at Hell Gate. East 
River, and adjoins the rocky ledge in the river which was tun- 
neled and blown up in 1885. The field itself was a low, rocky 
and marshy plot not much higher than the high-water mark, 
and has had considerable filling upon it from the tunnel exca- 
vation. It is at a bend m the East River and is a magnificent 




PUBLIC SCHOOL ATHLETIC FIELD, LONG ISLAND CITY. 

site, although only large enough for a six-lap practice track 
15 feet wide, and 20 feet wide on the straightaway of 150 yards. 
The field was filled in to 5 feet above high water, and, beside 
the usual runs and pits for jumps, will have two tennis or 
basket-ball courts. A wire-mesh fence surrounds the field, and 
seating accommodations for 800 are provided. The track is 
kite-shaped, with short straights and curves that are almost 
quarter circles of a radius of 70 feet. 

The infield is small for foot ball, but base ball games for 
smaller boys can be played upon it. 



78 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBKAKY. 



HOW TO CONDUCT AN ATHLETIC MEET 

The object in publishing this book is to educate those who 
are not famiHar with the management of athletic games or 
the organization of athletic clubs. Elsewhere will be found a 
form of constitution and a few points upon just how it will be 
necessary to proceed in order to interest those in your locality 
who might become interested in an athletic club. It is not 
necessary that all the members of your club be athletically 
inclined. It would be to the organizer's advantage to get the 
co-operation of the leading citizens and business men of your 
county, as they, to a certain extent, would add materially to 
the standing of an athletic club, no matter where situated. 
There is no reason why athletic games should not be held in 
your county on certain days, and also at every gathering of 
importance, such as picnics, county fairs, etc. ; and, of course, 
an athletic track is the first requisite. 

After the date has been decided upon and the grounds ar- 
ranged for, comes the preliminary work in relation to adver- 
tising and procuring your entries. For this purpose there 
must be a Games Committee, one of whose members usually 
acts as Secretary. This committee must arrange a list of 
contests, choosing such events as are suitable to their grounds 
and as their knowledge of the local athletes leads them to 
think will attract numerous entries. The committee also de- 
cides upon the number and value of prizes, the amount of 
entrance fee, the date of closing the entries, the day and 
hour for beginning the games, and all preliminary arrange- 
ments. The committee should have printed and distributed 
a sufficient quantity of circulars, containing all information 
needed by athletes intending to compete. Entrance fees 
are usually fixed at 50 cents for each man for each event. 
The time for closing the entries should be fixed from seven 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 79 

to ten days before the day of the games, so that the Sec- 
retary may have time to notify each athlete of the acceptance 
of his entry and send him his competitor's card of admission to 
the grounds. This seven or ten days is also necessary to enable 
the handicapper to do his work, and then to have the programme 
printed. 

The list of events will all depend upon the number of ath- 
letes you have and the number of athletes expected. As 
your games will naturally be given under the rules of the 
A. A._ U., all competitors must be registered amateurs. It will 
be necessary to have the entry blank as adopted by the Regis- 
tration Committee (see following page) on the back of all cir- 
culars and announcements. These circulars, which are gen- 
erally 8^x11 inches in size, should be sent to all clubs, factories, 
schools, colleges, Y. M. C. A.'s, etc., in your county, with the 
object of creating an interest in the affair. 

On other pages will be found illustrations of all apparatus 
necessary to use in conducting an athletic meeting. They can be 
secured from A. G. Spalding & Bros., in any of their stores 
(address the one nearest to you as given on inside front cover). 

There should be an ordinary amount of advertising done, 
and circulars should be distributed announcing the features. 
Posters should be displayed, and if it is possible to get enough 
money subscribed from public-spirited citizens in your county 
to pay the expense of the meeting, which need not necessarily 
be very much, invitations should be sent broadcast, the idea 
being to popularize the sport. The first meeting should neces- 
sarily be an invitation affair, so as to let the public see just 
what an athletic meeting is like, when properly conducted. 

After the entries are received from the prominent athletes 
the programme should be maae up with the names of each 
contestant properly printed, with the school, college, or club 
he represents mentioned; also his registration number, competi- 
tor's number and handicap, providing it is a handicap event. 
The competitor's number is the number worn by each contest- 
ant. This can be of paper and must be worn conspicuously 
and correspond with his competitor's number mentioned in the 
programme. 



APPUCATION FOR REGISTRATION 

IN THE 

Association of tlie A. A. U. of the U. S. 



Registration Committee of the Association of the A. A. U. 

Gentlemen— Enclosed please find Twenty-five Cents in payment of the Registration Fee in accordance 
with the Laws of the Amateur Athletic Union. 



THE APPLICANT MUST ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: 

If a student at an educational institution ■ 

Date of Birth -^ 

Residence of Parents or Guardian ■ 

When did you last compete in open A. A. U. competitions and what organization did you represent? 

What is your residence (give Street or Avenue, as well as name of place) ? -. — . 

How long have you resided there ? ; 

Of what Club are you a member ? . — 

Have you ever played Basket Ball ? — — . 

If so. on what teams ? — — 



What kind of a Basket Ball team or teams did you play with ? 

(Disqualified, registered, unregistered or professional.) 
Scholastic Collegiate, etc. 



While playing on this team or teams, did you ever play with or against a disqualified amateur or a profes- 
sional player? , , . 

Have you ever played, competed or exhibited in any of the following Games or Sports: Foot Ball. Base Ball, 
Boxing, Wrestling, Fencing. Swimming. Ice Skating matches. Hockey matches, Roller Skating 
matches, or in any other Games on Roller Skates or Ice Skates, or any other Sport not enumerated 
here ? ^ 



name which . 



Also- when and where you competed- 



What Club or Organization did you compete for? 

Against whom did you compete (name of Individual or Organization)? 

Were those you competed against professionals or disqualified athletes ? 

Did you play on enclosed grounds or in a building vvhere admission was charged ' 
If so, state when and where 



(If you have not sufficient room above to answer the questions, write full particulars on a separate 
sheet 01 paper and attach to this application. ) 
Have you ever received, directly or indirectly, payment for services rendered in any capacity in connection 
with an athletic club, playground, settlement, bath, public track, skating rink, or any other organiza- 
tion devoted in whole or in part to any form of athletic exercise, either indoor or outdoor? 

Have you ever competed or given an exhibition in any kind of sport? If so. what and where and what kind 

of prize or reward did you receive? 

Have you ever applied for registration before? If so. give your previous number 

Date of expiration . 



In making this application I certify that I am an amateur and eligible to compete under the Rules of 
the Amateur Athletic Union : that I have never competed foj- money, taught or assisted in teaching athletics, 
gymnastics or any other form of athletics for money. I have never played on a team in any sport with a 
professional as a member of such team. I have never competed under an assumed name. I have never 
represented a club of which I was not a member. And. furthermore. I certify that I have read the condi- 
tions of competition of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, and I am. therefore, eligible to 
receive a card entitling me to compete as an amateur. 

I certify that I have truthfully answered all of the above questions, and it is understood that should I 
receive a registration card, it will be on the basis of the above answers, and accepted by me with the distinct 
understanding that the Registration Committee can at any time cancel it. 

The person applying for registration must fill out this blank and sign same. No one else can do this 
for him. If it is filled out by anyone else the card will be canceled, and the athlete will be required to return 
any prizes won. 



This blank must be signed by the applicant personally. 


The above application most be endorsed by Secretary 

of applicant's Club, or if not a rpember of 

Club, by three citizens. 


City or Town 

Statp 






rinh 




Approv«>rt Heave blank) 


Rpp-istrntinn Nn 



To facilitate correct filing of tnis application please PRINT your name also, in capital letters, on above line, 
in addition to vour signature. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 81 

As far as publicity is concerned, you should go to the 
newspapers, in your town and the county, and give them all 
the news you possibly can about the meeting. Tell them who 
is going to compete, their records, and all the data you can 
that would interest the public. You should have a press 
committee to write articles about the meeting and keep the 
public posted about just what is going on. 

With the preliminary arrangements out of the way, the 
hardest part of the work is at hand. The entry blanks must 
be distributed at the various athletic clubs and colleges and 
entries solicited. In these days of close rivalry it is important, 
if the meet is to be a success, that prominent record hold- 
ers and the stars of the college athletic world appear. The wire 
pulling and other features indulged in to secure these much 
desired sensation creators is only known to those in the inner 
circles of athleticdom and would fill columns if recited. After 
the entry of the cracks has been secured, it is in order to an- 
nounce the fact to the public. To this end advertisements in 
the newspapers, cards, and dodgers are freely used, and by the 
night of the contests the followers of the sport are fully aware 
of all that is to transpire, and occasionally that which is not. 
While those in charge of this end of the games are busily en- 
gaged, the entries are in the hands of the ofhcial handicapper, 
who is supposed to place the entrants in the various handicap 
contests on marks which will equalize their respective athletic 
abilities. On receipt of these handicaps the programme is 
printed and bound, and should contain, in addition to the 
advertisements, without which no programme would be con- 
sidered complete, a list of the events, the entrants with their 
entry and registration numbers, the officers of the games and 
details of the length of the track. 

The management of the games should be in charge of a 
certain official, as set forth in the General Athletic Rules. It 
is desirable to invite, as officials, men who have had some experi- 
ence in athletics, if possible. Then men should be selected who 
have read the athletic rules, and who are fairly intelligent 
enough to conduct the meeting according to the letter of the 



Junior Track and Field Championships 

Metropolitan Association 

AMATEUR ATHLETIC UNION 

AT 

CELTIC PARK, 

Long Island City, New York 

On Saturday Afternoon, July 16th, 1910 

At 2 o'clock 

Admission, 50 Cents a Person 

Celtic Park can be Reached by Trolley from 34th Street Ferry and Blackwell's 
Island Bridge 
TRACK EVENTS 
100 Yards Run 

220 Yards Run 



440 Yards Run 

880 Yards Run 

One Mile Run 
Three Mile Run 

120 Yards High Hurdles 

220 Yards Low Hurdles 
One Mile Walk 



FIELD EVENTS 
Putting 12 -lb. Shot 

Throwing 12-lb. Hammer 
Throwing the Discus 

Throwing 56-lb. Weight 
Throwing the Javelin 
Running High Jump 

Running Broad Jump 

Running Hop, Step and Jump 
Pole Vault 

PRIZES, emblematic of the Junior Championship of the Association, 
awarded as follows: Solid Gold Die Medal to first; Sterling Silver Die Medal 
to second; Bronze Die Medal to third. 

To be eligible to compete an athlete MUST BE a member of some 
Club of the Metropolitan Association, A. A. U. 

A Junior is one who has never won a first place at a Metropolitan 
Association Championship, National Championship. Championship of 
any Association of the A. A. U., Inter-Collegiate Championship. 
Canadian Championship, Championship of any Foreign Country, or 
Individual Championship at Cross-Country. 
Entries close with Championship Committee, care of Frederick W. Rubien, 
Chairman, Box 611. New York City, Thursday, July 7th, 1910. 

Entry Fee, Fifty Cents for Each Event; Must 
Accompany Entry or Same Will Not be Accepted. 

Metropolitan Association Track and Field Championship Committee 

Frederick W. Rubien, St. George's A. C, Chairman. 
Bartow S. Weeks, N. Y. A. C. John J. Walsh, Pastime A. C. 

F. J. V. Delany. Xavier Club. W. L. Jones. N. Y. S. Assn. 

W. H. Rowen, Acorn A. A. William Jones, Mohawk A. C. 

E. F. Gilaon, Mott Haven A. C. W. H. Brady, Trinity Club. 

Registration Committee 

H. Obertubbesing, W. S. Y. M. C. A., Chairman. 
J. W. Stumpf, Grace Club. Terence Farley, Irish- American A. C. 

SAMPLE FORM OF A CIRCULAR ANNOUNCING EVENTS 

The Entry Blank (see opposite page) is printed on the back. The size is 

usually 8% x 11 inches. 



t/5 s 



^mm-f 



o O '- 



3 « c 






4) «J U 



\'^ w 



1) ^^ 

.S o ?, 



<N « 









■w 4) U 



-^"rt 



o ^ 
« I« u, 

II 

•58 



u 

a 

c 

« 

E 












o 






t; > 


• 


: 


c 
o 




: 


0) 

e 

o 

o 


I : 




Q 






1 

1 




: i 



^i#S€€€€#€e€«- 



Q 
U 

cu 

s 

ca.. 

id 

"•< 
oo 

0.03 

w^ 

% 

OJ 
fiQ 

>- 

C i-< o CO ^ m M 



84 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

law A great mistake will be made in selecting men who are 
really not competent and have little knowledge of the rules. 
Of course, to a small club making a start, it will be important 
to select good men. 

The prizes may consist of any of the articles designated in the 
A A U handbook, and need not be expensive. The prizes 
could be obtained from local dealers or from the large houses 
making a specialty of such goods. 

Of course, in some sections it will be possible to secure appro- 
priations from the county and State to further amateur athletic 
sports. This matter should be given careful consideration by 
the representatives of the A. A U.; and it is a common practice 
in some rural towns to procure the necessary money by sub- 
scription. A list taken among the prominent citizens will surely 
be filled in a short while, 

The most important work for the committee at this time is 
to have the track fenced off and the entrances properly 
guarded to prevent none but competitors and oflficials from 
entering the enclosure, and to see that competitors leave as 
soon as the race is completed. Neglect of this important work 
the committee are responsible for, has often marred otherwise 
successful meetings. The ofificials of the games cannot keep 
the enclosure clear, and the Games Committee must provide 
for it. 

The time for the games having arrived, the contestants are 
called to the track by the clerks of the course, wearing competi- 
tors' numbers on their backs, sent away by the starter, and 
judged in the order in which they complete the runs by the 
judges at the finish. Here is where many differences of 
opinion arise. In a close finish there is sometimes a diver- 
sity of opinion as to who won, which man ran second, and so 
forth. In many cases grave injustice is done, owing to the 
mistakes of the judges at the finish, and it behooves those in 
charge to select these officers with great care. In the center 
of the circular course the field events are held, in conjunction 
with the track races, and in some cases meets resemble a three- 
ring circus, owing to the many contests going on at one time. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 85 

SELECTION OF EVENTS. 

In selecting the events for your games, try to give a variety — 
at least one sprint run, a distance run, one hurdle race, one 
weight event and a jumping contest. 

Novice races should be given by a newly organized club, 
particularly when the ability of the different athletes is not 
very well known. By giving novice races, which are, of course, 
scratch races, the committee, in doing the handicapping for 
subsequent handicap meetings, will be able to get a line on the 
contestants and handicap them intelligently. The handicap- 
ping is something that will eventually cause a considerable 
amount of dissatisfaction, as it always does. In handicapping 
races the idea is to make the finish "as close as possible. The 
rule of the handicapper should be to make each and every 
race a dead heat, if possible. For instance, in your first race, 
if Charles Jones wins a novice race quite easily by 80 yards 
from John Blank, and John Doe is 40 yards behind him, the 
next handicap should be John Doe, 120 yards, John Blank, 80 
yards, and Charles Jones, scratch. The same would apply to 
sprint races. The work would consist in picking out the marks 
for the different men. The weight events should be handi- 
capped by feet and inches, and so should the jumps; and the 
same general plan should be followed out as to who should be 
the scratch man in the competitions. 

Another very interesting way of encouraging your men, after 
you have given enough novice races to allot handicaps, is to 
have closed or time races, which were popular some years ago 
in America. For instance, give a half-mile run for those who 
were never beaten in two minutes and twenty seconds, a mile 
run for those never beaten in five minutes. In this way a man 
who might be handicapped out of a race is given a chance to 
win occasionally. 

In handicapping, much of the trouble to the handicapper is 
caused by athletes not filling out their entry blanks intelli- 
gently. If an athlete would put his best performance on the 
blank, the mark he started from and how he finished, the 
handicapper could do very good work without much trouble. 



86 SPALDING'S ATHLETTC LIBRARY. 

This blank should be filled out conscientiously. The handi- 
cappers throughout the country should report to the member 
of the Registration Committee of the district any attempt to 
deceive them, for certainly a few examples should be made of 
the men who go around and endeavor to mislead the handi- 
capper by false statements as to performances on the blank, or 
neglect to put on their best performances. 

In addition to what has already been written in reference to 
handicapping, it may be well to state that when an athlete 
enters he is required to fill out an entry blank for the informa- 
tion of the handicapper. In time events he is required to give 
his last three best performances, stating in each case the time 
of the race. In the weight events the athlete is required to 
give his last three best performances, giving the distance in 
each case that the event was won by; therefore it will be neces- 
sary for the handicapper to arbitrarily adopt the following 
table for timing events: In running races up to and including 
220 yards, allow 10 yards for a second; races over 220 yards, 
and up to and including 440 yards, allow 8 yards to, a second; 
in races over 440 yards up to and including one mile, allow 6 
yards to a second In races over one mile the handicapper will 
use his own judgment. In the weight events the handicapper 
will be governed by the actual last three performances. Of 
course, it is a well-known rule in handicapping that a novice 
entry in a competitive event, unless there is some good reason 
to the contrary, be given at least one half the limit. The 
handicapper would, of course, penalize an athlete for a win 
and for a place. This, of course, would be a matter in which 
he would use his judgment. 

In order to bring out the talent that exists in your club, club 
games should be given at least once a week. Club games 
always tend to increase the athletic interest among the mem- 
bers. It will not be necessary to give prizes for each set of 
club games given. Three prizes can be given to the athletes 
scoring the greatest number of points during the year, on the 
basis of 5 for firsts, 2 for seconds and i for thirds. In this way 
the boys will take an interest in the doings of the club. They 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 87 

will keep on training and exercising, and nothing helps a man 
more than competition. The old saying among certain clubs — 
that there is not enough competitions in trz'r territory — shows 
there is a lack of interest and not the right man at the helm, for 
when ten or fifteen men congregate at one club there certainly 
should be enough interest taken in the ten or fifteen men to 
have competition for them, which could be arranged at no 
great expense. As a sample of how club competitions are bene- 
ficial the case of the Pastime Athletic Club, of New York, may 
be cited as an example, where as many as one hundred en- 
. tries have been received for its weekly competitions. 

After the organization of an athletic club is perfected it is 
essential that you ally yourselves with one of the associations 
of the A. A. U. This gives you prestige, and if you should at 
any time give open games, your sister clubs are sure to help 
you. By "open" games is meant that all registered amateur 
athletes are eligible for entry. 

Attached herewith will be found the different associations of 
the A. A. U., the districts they cover and the secretaries of 
each of the associations. To join one of these associations all 
that is necessary is to proceed according to the following By- 
Law of the A. A. U. : 

ARTICLE IV. 

MEMBERSHIP IN THE ASSOCIATION 

Any organization eligible under the Constitution of the 
Union and of this Association desiring to become a member of 
the Association, shall make application in writing to the Secre- 
tary-Treasurer declaring: 

(a) Its name, location, the number of its members and the 
names of its officers. 

(^) Date of its organization and its purposes. 

(c) That it will, if elected a member of the Association, abide 
by the Constitution, By-Laws and Rules of the Union and As- 
sociation, and will respect, abide by and enforce all decisions of 
the Union and Board of Managers of this Association and the 
decisions of the Registration Committee of the Union. 

It shall transmit at same time the dues required by the Con- 
stitution of this Association, and a copy of its Constitution and 
By-Laws. Such application shall be immediately referred by 
the Secretary-Treasurer to the proper Committee to investigate 
and report. 



88 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

REGISTRATION. 

By reading the rules over carefully, the organizer of an ath- 
letic club will readily understand that in order to compete as 
an am'ateur an athlete must be registered. Attached herewith 
is the form of registration blank, which must be filled out and 
forwarded by each athlete to the member of the Registration 
Committee having charge of the respective districts. Mr. James 
E. Sullivan, 21 Warren Street, New York, is Chairman of the 
A. A. U. Registration Committee. The different districts of 
the Amateur Athletic Union are as follows : 

NEW ENGLAND ASSOCIATION— Consisting of Maine, 
New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. 

METROPOLITAN ASSOCIATION— Consisting of New 
York and New Jersey, north of Trenton. 

CONNECTICUT — ^(Connecticut transferred from New Eng- 
land Association to Metropolitan Association August, 1905.) 

MIDDLE ATLANTIC ASSOCIATION— Formed 1906— New 
Jersey, south of and including Trenton, Delaware and Pennsyl- 
vania. 

SOUTH ATLANTIC ASSOCIATION— Consisting of Vir- 
ginia, Maryland, North Carolina, West Virginia, District of 
Columbia and South Carolina. 

CENTRAL ASSOCIATION— Consisting of Ohio, Illinois 
(except *St. Clair County), Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, 
Minnesota. 

PACIFIC ASSOCIATIO'N— Consisting of California, Nevada, 
Alaska, Arizona and Hawaiian Islands. 

PACIFIC NORTHWEST ASSOCIATION— Organized June, 
1905 — Consisting of Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Montana and 
Alaska. 

ROCKY MOUNTAIN ASSOCIATION— Organized Novem- 
ber, 1906 — Consisting of Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and 
Utah. 

*Transfcrred from Central Association to Western Associa- 
tion November, 1905. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 89 

SOUTHERN ASSOCIATION— Consisting of Alabama, 
Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee and Texas. 

WESTERN ASSOCIATION— Consisting of Missouri, South 
Dakota, North Dakota, Arkansas, Indian Territory, Kentucky, 
Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska and St. Clair County, 111. 

After the formation of your athletic club, if it is found that 
you cannot procure training quarters for your men — that is, 
r ; y place suitable for continual training — an exciting form o£ 
exercise ta indulge in, and one that is harmless, is that of hare 
and hounds. It is a simple way of obtaining pleasant outdoor 
exercise. Select two of your runners to act as hares, furnish 
them with bags to fling over the shoulder and to contain paper 
cut in as small pieces as possible. The paper is to be distributed 
by the hares over the trail. Give them, say, five minutes' start 
on the pack of hounds. The hares will take any course they 
desire across country, always leaving an intelligent trail. The 
hounds follow, the idea being to overtake them before they 
get home. The start and finish is usually made at the same 
place. They make a circuit of the surrounding countr}^ and re- 
turn to the starting place, usually soni'e hotel or club house. 
After the boys go through this exercise several times the dis- 
tance can be increased. 



90 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



INDOOR GAMES 

How Big Midwinter Athletic Meets Are Arranged and 

Held. 

The average spectator who attends indoor athletic meets at 
cne armories and Madison Square Garden seldom has an idea 
of the labor involved in planning and carrying out the various 
details connected with such a set of games. For a period of 
from one to three months before the night of the contests the 
promoters have their hands full preparing for the meet, and 
the success or failure of the games depends on how well they 
lay their plans. Probably the first decision to be arrived at 
after the date and place for holding the meet is decided upon 
is the list of events that will comprise the programme. It must 
be carefully borne in mind what events are most likely to 
appeal to the followers of athletics and which ones can be held 
in the building selected for the exhibition. Straightaway sprint 
races, always popular with spectators at indoor games, must be 
gauged according to the floor and space available. 

The general plan outlined previously for the conduct of an 
athletic meeting will of course apply to an indoor meet, with 
such modifications as the structural features of the building 
may render necessary. In some of the larger armories it is 
possible to arrange for a loo-yards dash; but. as a rule, 50 
or 60 yards is the longest distance available, for it is 
necessary to allow at least 10 yards for a slow-up at the 
finish. This feature was overlooked at a meet several years 
ago, and several sprinters were more or less bruised by 
running at almost full speed into a brick wall three yards 
beyond the finish line. There are also several field events, 
such as throwing the i6-])()unc] hammer, the 56-pound shot, 
and the discus throw, that it is impossible to hold indoors, 
owing to the lack of S])ace. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 91 

As a rule, the events that make up the average indoor athletic 
programme consist of a straightaway dash from 50 to 70 yards, 
220, 440, and 880-yard runs, one, two, and possibly a three- 
mile run on a circular track, with one or more hurdle races 
over a similar course. Occasionally bicycle races are added, 
but these are not particularly popular with the riders, as the 
flat flooring at the turns makes the event more or less danger- 
ous to the contestants. A number of bad injuries have been 
received by riders in such races, and several years ago one en- 
trant was killed as a result of a crash following a slip at the 
turn. Having decided upon the list of events, it is next in 
order to secure a sanction for the games from the Amateur 
Athletic Union of the United States, which controls amateur 
athletics in this country. With the sanction granted, the next 
step is the printing of entry blanks and the preparing of the 
prizes that go to the winners in each event. In past years it 
was the custom to give gold medals to the first man and silver 
and bronze to the second and third, respectively. Within the 
past few seasons more taste has been displayed in the selection 
of trophies, and at present pieces of statuary, gold watches, 
diamond rings, placques, and other novelties of value have the 
call over the old-time medal. An innovation was introduced 
in this connection on New Year's Eve, December 31. 1904, at 
the Pastime A. C. games, when every contestant, regardless of 
the place in which he finished, received a souvenir medal. 

While, with the excisption of the quality of the entrieS; all 
indoor games are more or less alike, the accommodations for 
the comfort of the spectators vary greatly, in some cases 
powerful- voiced announcers give the numbers of the event and 
men in each event, the time or distance and features of the 
contests. At other times the spectators are left to find out for 
themselves as best they may the results. While the announcer 
is a necessary adjunct to every properly conducted set of ath- 
letic games, there is need of a suitable score board at big meets 
on which can be shown the winners, times, distances, and other 
details which the average followers of the sport desire to know. 

Armory meets are very popular, and are almost always fol- 



92 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

lowed by dancing. The games can hardly be successful unless 
completed in two and a half hours. Large numbers of com- 
petitors crowd the floor, and when the race in which they 
compete is finished, they linger to see the balance of the pro- 
gram, and often become unmanageable, obstructing the view 
of the spectators. To prevent this it is necessary to expedite 
matters by allowing on the floor only those called for a race, 
and by clearmg the floor after each race, and only allowing 
officials and those who are m actual competition to remain on 
the floor. If possible, no seats, for spectators should be on the 
drill floor. The galleries usually can accommodate the crowd, 
and when spectators are allowed on the floor the track must 
be roped or fenced off to prevent them from crossing the track 
and interfering with the games. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 93 



METHOD OF ANNOUNCING RESULTS OF 

EVENTS AT THE WORLD'S FAIR 

AT ST. LOUIS, 1904 

BY JOHN C. MEYERS. IN 'FORCE.' ST. LOUIS. 

In running off the athletic events on the World s Fair Stadium, 
Mr. James E. Sullivan, Chief of the Department of Physical 
Culture, intends to make the meets interesting to even the 
most uninitiated from an audience point of view, and all his 
energies are directed toward keeping the spectators informed 
of developments while athletic events are in progress, instead 
of waiting until the events are concluded. 

He has originated several interesting contrivances and 
adapted other novel methods to bring this about during the 
meets on the Stadium. 

For instance, while the running broad jump is in progress, 
spectators will not be compelled to wait until the event is fin- 
ished to know the winner and the length ot his jump. Near 
the jumping arena will be a small revolvmg bulletin board. 
As each contestant takes his position his number will be dis- 
played on the board. The spectators seeing his number can 
learn his name by consulting the programme. When he jumps 
the board will immediately record the length of his jump. 
Not only will the persons in the grand stand, but those in all 
parts of the field will be enabled to make note, as the board 
will be revolved; so that all in the Stadium may see. In this 
way each spectator will be able to keep track of the event, and 
will know the winner and the length of his jump before the 
official announcement is posted on the mam bulletin board or 
proclaimed by the official announcer. 

To enlighten the spectators in regard to the progress of the 
high jump and the pole vault events, Mr. Sullivan arranged on 



94 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

the sides of the stands over which the bar is stretched in the 
high jump a sHding box. In this box will fit a placard bearing 
the number "5" when the bar is at the height of five feet. In 
this way those in a distant part of the grounds will know for 
what mark the contestants are striving. As the event pro- 
gresses placards will be displayed, reading "Over 5 feet." If 
six feet is reached the placards will again be changed. 

In the pole vault a similar plan will be followed. Of course, 
the numbers will be higher, "10," "11" and possibly "12.' 
In case a twelve is displayed the spectators will know that a 
world s record is being tried for, without waiting any official 
announcer or bulletin board to tell them so. 

For the weight and hammer-throwing events, the scheme of 
marking a football field will be adapted. Semi-circular lines 
five feet distant will be drawn about the field in which the 
hammer will be thrown, the thrower's circle, of course, being 
the center. At both of each semicircle will be a sign with a 
number indicating the number of yards the weight has gone 
that drops on that line. By means of these signs the spectators 
can judge the distance just as they can on the gridiron. The 
circular lines will be in whitewash. 

In the running events it wil' not be possible to carry out the 
same idea, but nevertheless there will be innovations intro- 
duced in them by Mr Sullivan in the interest of the spectators. 

One will be the running of the 100 and 220-yard dashes on 
the side of the field farthest from the grandstand. 

By having the events run on the opposite side, it gives the 
grandstand occupants a perfect view of the start, the contest, 
and the finish he holds. Incidentally it permits the spectators 
who are standing in the seatless portions ot the grounds to en- 
joy a close glimpse of the runners as chev flash by. 

In the Exposition Stadium the grandstand is on the south 
side, extending almost the entire length of the field. The field 
is 683 feet long and the stands 650 feet. The Stadium is 345 
feet wide, but the occupants of the seats can see across it with- 
out the aid of glasses of any kind. In the distance runs how- 
ever, the finish will be in front of the grand stands. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 95 

Mr. Sullivan will employ a revolving bulletin board to an- 
nounce the results of the races. This board, in repose, will be 
on the north side of the field and will face the stands. After 
the results have been posted there for a minute or so, it will be 
wheeled about, first to the right and then to the left, that 
spectators in all parts of the arena may copy the summaries. 

There will be no crowding about the finish m the Stadium 
contests. There will be no wrangling and interference on the 
part of outsiders. The butter-in ' for once will be effectually 
repressed. The judges will have an elevated stand, as racing 
lurists enjoy, and will make their decisions as the competitors 
pass below them. A box will be reserved in the grandstand 
for the judges, which they will occupy during the events which 
finish on that side of the Stadium. 

Still other novelties of a practical kind are installed at the 
Stadium. Among them will be .stones to mark the location of 
the hurdles in the nurdle races and the starting places on the 
straightaway and the circular cour.se. 

In past meets, particularly those extending over more than 
one day. trouble has been occasioned by the changing of the 
position of the hurdles, Careful track managers have fre- 
quently found it advisable to measure the distance between the 
hurdles before each hurdle event. With stones buried in the 
sod to mark the location, Mr Sullivan's office-boy may go out 
on a moment s notice and get the hurdles in perfect position. 

On each of the stones to mark the starting points their ob- 
. ject is engraved. For instance, "Start loo yards ' is cut in 
and painted black on stone. 

The innovations are largely Mr. Sullivan's personal produc- 
tions, and he is expecting that they will enhance popular in- 
terest in the Stadium games. 

The Stadium will accommodate 25,000 spectators, the grand 
stands nearly 10,000 of them. 



9fi SPALDING'S ATHLETIC" LIBRARY. 



THE STARTER 

• 
The starter in an athletic race is an important official. It 
depends upon him to a great extent whether the race will be 
truly run. A man to be a good starter must necessarily have a 
■vnowledge of athletics. If he has been a runner, so much the 
better. He must be firm and of course absolutely honest — that 
goes without saying. Owing to the fact that athletic games 
have been held in and around New York City for over a quarter 
of a century, the best starters naturally come from that section 
of the country, but there is no reason why each section and 
each association should not have its own starter. 

Taking for granted that the starter understands something 
about athletics, after the clerk of the course has checked the 
men up and turned them over to the starter, he should then 
proceed in the following manner: "Now, boys, take your 
marks," when each contestant will walk up to the particular 
mark allotted to him; then he continues, "Get set"; that is the 
warning for the athletes to be prepared for the report of the 
pistol; when the men are on their marks it is not good judg- 
ment to hold them too long, nor is it good judgment to bang 
the pistol the moment he tells them "Get set." He has to t^ 
cool enough to see that the men are in proper position before he 
fires his pistol. A fair start is one in which all the contestants 
leave the mark together. I have watched starters at some very 
important games in New York City and some of them are care- 
less. At some meets the official starters make it their business 
to talk to each of the contestants; the starters want to make 
speeches; that is not necessary. Time and again I have watched 
starters in big meets and their work has been simply deplorable. 
There is always a whitewashed line to indicate the starting point 
of every race. A man's fingers, if he uses the crouching start, 
should be back of that line or right on the line, not an inch or 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBllAtlt. 97 

half an inch over the hne; if he uses the standing start, then his 
feet must be back of the hne or on the hne, not over it. If any 
of the contestants should start before the crack of the pistol, 
the starter must bring them back. I have watched officials at 
many important intercollegiate and scholastic meets, and the 
starters arc negligent; they don't want to put the men back; 
they don't think it is fair. This is not for them to decide. The 
law states that the contestant that breaks must be put back. 
One who is interested in athletics, who has been a competitor 
and understands athletics and is firm and intelligent, would 
make a good starter, and we have very few men in America 
who could ])e considered good starters. 



98 SPALDING'S ATMLKTIC LlBRARt. 



"TIMING" 

By CHAS. J. DIEGES 

Timing is recognized throughout the athletic world as an all- 
important factor in to-day's field of sports. At the finish of 
any athletic event, whether schoolboy racing or the automo- 
bile's breakneck speed over its course, when the goal is reached 
and suspense broken the first sentence from the breathless 
onlookers is, "What's the time?" Then it is up to the man 
behind the watch. I have often wondered how the athletes 
of ancient Greece were timed in their contests. To the best 
of my knowledge, the timing of races could not have been in 
vogue at that time, unless they used the sun-dial or the hour- 
glass. 

From a practical experience of nearly twenty years, my idea 
on timing is that the only way to gain right results is to have 
a good timepiece, properly regulated, with the undivided atten- 
tion as well as accuracy and alertness of the holder of the watch. 

The stop or timing chronometer was invented about seventy- 
five years ago, and was originally used to time horse-racing. 
The fine stop-watch of the twentieth century is a wonderful 
piece of mechanism, being a very delicately constructed piece 
of workmanship, which needs to be operated with the greatest 
of care. It is advisable for one officiating as a timer quite 
often to have an extra watch at his command. For my own 
use I have two watches, one being of American and the other of 
Swiss construction. It seems to me that a finely constructed 
watch is almost human, and gets used to the handling of one 
person, and for this reason it has always been my policy never 
to loan my watch to any one, for I have found in a number of 
instances when, having been loaned, they were injured or abused 
in some way. The price of a fine timepiece of this variety 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 99 

ranges from $25 to $1,000, depending entirely upon the con- 
struction and maker. 

To time properly, hold the watch in either hand, using the 
forefinger for pressing the pushpiece. Next important is to 
watch the starter's gun, which should be, and generally is, raised 
above his head. The flash of the gun, not the report, must be 
taken at all times. In sprints, and in all other races, the timer 
must stand right on the line and watch the tape. A timer who 
stands two or three feet either side of the line cannot get the 
correct time. Stand on a direct line with the tape, and as the 
man strikes it get your time. If there is no tape, watch the 
whitewash line on the path. When the gun is fired and you have 
caught the flash, watch the competitors coming along, and when 
they are within about ten yards of the tape turn your entire 
attention to the tape. If these instructions, which require a 
little practice at first, are closely followed, you can feel confi- 
dent you have caught the correct idea of timing. 

Give your time as you read it from your watch. It is a great 
mistake for beginners to wait to hear the announcement from 
other timers, as the most natural impulse would then be tD 
agree, instead of giving the time they may have on their own 
watches. In all cases, as I have said before, read your watch as 
it stands, and then so give it. 

Signal for the finish of a race is generally to breast the tape, 
or the moment the foot crosses the line; in autom9bile and 
bicycling the front wheel is generally taken. In rowing regattas 
the judges are generally stationed on the shore with a flag. 
When the flag is raised, it denotes the finish of one crew ; lower- 
ing of the flag, the finish of the second crew; and raising of the 
flag again, the finish of the third crew. In this case the timer 
generally "splits" on his watch, which means the watch must 
have double timing hands, operated by means of a small knob 
which stops one hand while the other hand continues on until 
by the pushpiece, thereby catching first and second winners. 

There must be three watches; the middle time, or the time 
of two out of three, is generally taken. Where there are five 
watches, the time of three out of five must be official — two are 



100 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

substitute times. Take, for instance, at the 5-second point: if 
the hand of your watch be a shade to the right of the 5-second 
point, and not quite touch the 1-5, it would be necessary to call 
it 5 1-5 seconds; and, in the s^-me manner, if it be between and 
a trifle to the right of 5 3-5 seconds, instead of calling it 5 3-5 
it would be called the slower time, 5 4-5 seconds; where the hand 
is right direct on the line, or i -5-second mark, it is most natural 
to call that time. 

Besides using the stop-watch in this way, we have the electric 
timing apparatus, which is generally used at automobile racing, 
and has been used at athletic meetings. With this system a 
wire is generally stretched at the starting and finishing points, 
about half an inch from the ground. The instant the racing 
machine strikes this wire a contact is formed, the wire being 
connected with the apparatus on a specially constructed stand, 
where there are from three to six watches; this same contact 
starts the watches automatically. This also applies to the 
watches that are stationed at the finish, where the same con- 
ditions prevail as at the start, when the watches are checked 
and stopped, thus giving at once the time of both the beginning 
and ending of the race. There is also an attachment used with 
the starting of the watches which shoots off a gun at both 
stations, and this acts as a signal for the spectators, as well as 
for the extra men present to time by hand. This system has 
been principally used for straight racing at Florida at the 
celebrated Ormond-Daytona Beach track, where the speed has 
been at the rate of two miles per minute and faster. The path 
of this track is on the edge of the ocean, and is leveled by the 
incoming and receding of the surf, making it an ideal racing 
path at low tide. 

The electric system of timing, however, has not been found 
practicable as yet for use at track meets, but there is no doubt 
that in time some inventive genius will perfect an apparatus 
which, by its automatic construction, will be adapted for use 
where the time is required for speed. 

At the celebrated Vanderbilt race, inasmuch as the entire 
race practically depended upon the time (and it is surprising 



SPALDINGS ATHIvETIC LIBRARY. 101 

to note how closely some of those racing machines are gauged 
to run like one another), the electric apparatus was not used, 
but a corps of twelve experienced timers were selected, six of 
whom were placed at the start, and the others stationed at five, 
ten, fifteen, twenty and twenty-five mile posts, with telephone 
connections, these stations being used in cases of break-down 
or delay, so the time between these points could be easily esti- 
mated. The machines were started at one-minute intervals, 
the distance being ten laps, constituting nearly 300 miles. 
Outside of the timing, it is interesting to know that months of 
work are required in the preparations for arrangements of a 
race of this character. It has been estimated that the con- 
struction of the track and other necessary arrangements have 
cost up to $100,000. During the elementary trials and finals, 
the entire space encircling this path was alive with people coming 
from all parts of the country, the races being witnessed by 250,- 
000 spectators. 

It has been my experience several times at automobile racing, 
where strong electric currents or batteries were used, to have 
my watch become magnetized, and had it not been for the close 
attention of the rest of the official timers the race would have 
certainly been a failure on account of not catching the time, and 
it would probably have been necessary to have the same run 
over again. So it is most important to know your associates 
with whom you are about to act, for, as in the above case, had 
they not been on the alert, and assisted me when the race was 
started, it would have been impossible for me to have gotten 
the time at all. 

At the present time organizations have been formed, such as 
the Chronograph Club of Boston and the New York Timers' 
Club, where men who are not experienced can receive proper 
instructions, and are tested, so that if it were necessary to take 
the records of any important race there would be no doubt in 
the mind of any one as to the accuracy of the time. These 
clubs will also in time have all the paraphernalia, such as an 
electric timing apparatus and testing arrangements, as well as 
several official watchmakers of high grade. 



102 SPALniNC'S ATIILKTIC MP.RARY. 

Another celebrated race brought to my mind was the "mile 
a minute," paced by a railroad train, when Charlie Murphy^ 
well known a number of years ago as a "speed cyclist." at- 
tempted to ride a mile in a minute. The arrangements for this 
event, I may say, were most interesting, inasmuch as a special 
railroad track of about three miles had to be" constructed, with 
a boarded track laid in between the railroad ties, which had to 
be so exact and smooth that it required a force of nearly six 
hundred men, working twenty-fours steadily, to construct it. 
This boarded track had to be smoothed over by hand-planers 
after being laid, so as to avoid the possibility of the least chance 
of a splinter, which might have cost this athlete's life by the 
tearing of his tires when going at this terrific rate of speed. 
The train was composed of a locomotive and one car, in the 
rear of which was constructed a hood to hold the judges, and 
under which also rode Murphy. In the car were representa- 
tives of the press and five experienced holders of the watch. 
Five large flags were placed at the side of the track; red flags 
denoting the start, the half-mile and the mile finish, and green 
flags denoting one-quarter and three-quarter mile. All watches 
were started alike. Three timers were instructed to " split " on 
the half-mile, one on the quarter, and the other on the three- 
quarter mile, and all to stop their watches at the finish. Two 
watches reported 57 3-5 seconds, two reported 58 seconds, and 
one 57 4-5 seconds; 57 4-5 seconds being the middle time, it 
was selected. This happened to be the time my watch reported, 
and constituted the world's record for an event of this kind. 
The referee of this contest was Mr. James E. Sullivan, now sec- 
retafy-treasurer of the Amateur Athleiic Union of the United 
States. 

For foot ball, basket ball, water polo, and other sports of like 
nature, a stipulated time for playing is agreed upon, for the 
timing of which there is now a specially constructed watch, 
where, in cases of injury, arguments, or delay of any kind, the 
time is deducted by stopping the watch and starting it again 
when play is resumed, in order to enable the contestants to 
play the actual time agreed upon. 

An instance comes to our mind of our "English cousins" 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 103 

questioning the accuracy of the American timers. When our 
celebrated American athlete, the late Lon E. Myers, went to 
England to compete in the championships there, they at- 
tributed his good performances in America to incompetent 
timing; but after competing in their championships, and romp- 
ing away with a number of races, beating their best men, they 
had more confidence in the American timers. 

Athletics in England are managed a great deal like horse- 
racing, which permits betting. When Myers arrived at his 
headquarters he was watched day and night by the book- 
makers, which was observed by himself and his friends. I un- 
derstand they were even watched through the cracks of the 
fence to get information as to how fast he could run. One of 
the bystanders watching Myers come out of the dressing-room, 
wanted to know whether he could "really run so fast." Myers 
remarked he "did not know, but would try," and that he "was 
just going out for a trot to warm up." He started, and, with- 
out his knowledge, was secretly timed, and when he ran his 
quarter it recorded one-fifth of a second within the world's 
record. The Britishers were astonished, and remarked, "If he 
calls that a trot, what will 'e do hin a race?" And when he really 
did compete he established new records. Since that time our 
friends from across the sea have taken our timing as authentic, 
there never having been further doubt as to the American ath- 
letes' performances. 

I also wish to state that the timing is an important matter 
in military service. For instance, to get the velocity of bullets, 
in which cases there are generally screens placed certain dis- 
tances apart, when a bullet strikes through the screen it forms 
a contact as in automobile racing, and either starts or stops tne 
watch. At large gun practice in coast defenses the time is gen- 
erally taken from the flash of the gun, and stopped when the 
shot strikes the water. Timing is also used for taking the num- 
ber of steps per minute in military marching. In fact, I am 
continually being informed of new usages for the stop-watch, it 
being used in surgical and other scientific work where it would 
be an impossibility to get along without it. 



104 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

On the importance of accurate timing, I wish to cite an in- 
stance of injustice that occurred in the case of incompetent and 
inexperienced timers. Several years ago a schoolboy ran loo 
yards, and of my two associates one had the time as 9 4-5 
seconds, the other ro seconds, while my watch showed 10 3-5 
seconds: but with all the argument as to the unfairness of this 
performance, I could not convince these two men that it cer- 
tainly would be a great injury to this young man in future 
competitions, especially where it would be an impossibility, un- 
der existing conditions in which this race was run, it being a 
well-known fact that until that time there had been but three 
or four men in the world who had run 100 yards in 10 seconds. 
There is now, however, a record on the books of q 3-5 seconds 
for that distance, which has been made by Dan Kelly, a Western 
athlete, in 1906. 

In closing, I desire to call your attention to the importance 
of being conscientious; whether right or wrong, give your time 
as your watch records it If you should have an accident with 
your watch, and the time of the race is important, refuse under 
any conditions to act, which course on your part would add to 
rather than lessen, your reputation. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 105 



NOTES FOR THE ATHLETE 

Protests. — If you have any appeals or protests to make they 
should be made to the referee. Always remember that the 
latter's decision should not be questioned and that you must 
not become abusive. Such conduct will surely bring you 
trouble, and may be the cause of your being suspended. 

The referee alone has the power to change the order of events. 
The referee has the power to disqualify a competitor for- jostling 
or impeding the progress of another runner, it is immaterial 
whether done intentionally or through carelessness. 

In the final heat the referee has the right to disqualify any 
one who interferes with the other runners, and if he so desires 
he can order a race between the other competitors. 

There should be at least four inspectors. They are assistants 
to the referee. They have no power to make decisions, but 
can report to the referee any case of deliberate fouling, and the 
referee can act as he sees fit. 

The judges at the finish decide the winner, second, third and 
fourth men, and so on. There is no appeal from their decision. 
There is also no appeal from the decision of the field judges. 

The most important official at an athletic meeting is the 
starter, and in America we have several competent ones, but 
need a great many more. It requires years of practice in all 
kinds of competitions to make a starter expert. It will be 
necessary, of course, in localities where it is impossible to get 
an expert starter for a man to make himself a starter. In 
sprint races it is customary in and about New York City, 
especially at the intercollegiate meeting, as well as other large 
meetings, for the starter to proceed on this plan : The four 
starters in the 100- yard race are placed on their marks by 
"^he clerk of the course. The starter orders the men to take 
their marks. When the men are at their marks he says, in 



106 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIKRART. 



an authoritative tone, "Get set." Then, after holding the men 
a reasonable time on the marks, and when they are all steady, so 
that no one has an advantage over another, he fires his pistol. 
The clever starter is one that will hold the men at their marks, 
sending them all away at once as one man, so that no one can 
have an advantage. Any kind of a pistol will answer for the 
purposes of the starter, and it is customary to use blank car- 
tridges. " A starter must hold the pistol in the air so that the 
timekeepers can see the flash. 

The judge of walking will give each contestant who is walking 
unfairly three cautions. If he walks unfairly in the last 220 
yards he can be disqualified. 

The success of a meeting depends, to a great extent, upon 
the ability of the clerk of the course. He should be energetic, 
firm, and a bit dictatorial. He should have assistants. He 
should assign one assistant to the field events and one to the 
track events, the duty of the assistant clerk of the course being 
to announce in the dressing-rooms the event to be started. 
When the contestants come on the field, if it is a handicap 
event, they should at once take their given handicaps, which 
are usually marked with whitewash or printed on x>apers and 
tacked to the border of the track. Each competitor will know 
by a glance at the programme how much start he has received, 
and he then goes back and finds the mark. The clerk of the 
course goes around and sees that each contestant is on his mark. 
He then blows his whistle to the starter, as an indication that 
the men are all right. In scratch races the same rule applies. 
The clerk should be quick and energetic in placing the men and 
not argue with them as to what position they have on the 
track or where they should start from. He should invariably 
have, before one event is started, the next event call d and the 
men within hailing distance of the starting point. 

The clerk of the course will be saved a great deal of trouble 
if the contestants, before they go on the track, procure a pro- 
gramme and ascertain their number. They should then get 
their numbers and pin them on, for the reason that contestants 
are not allowed to start in races unless they are properly num- 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. I07 

bcred. It is the duty of the clerk of the course to see that 
each contestant is properly numbered and attired. 

It is very important in selecting field judges, that you have 
one or two men who are expert enough to act mtelhgentlv. In 
putting the shot and throwing the hammer, if the contestant 
steps outside the circle when making a delivery, it constitutes 
a foul: also stepping out of the front half of the circle consti- 
tutes a foul. The measurement in a weight-putting event is 
from the first break in the earth made by the sphere to the 
inner edge of the iron or wooden circle. In measuring a broad 
jump you measure from the neatest break in the earth made 
by the contestant's heel to the toe-board, but. in making the 
attempt, should the jumper fall back, you measure from where 
his body or hand touched the ground nearest to the toe-board. 

Protest against a competitor or competitors can be made to 
the games committee or to the referee during the meeting. 

The finish of a race is when any part of the winner's body, 
except his hands or arms, shall reach the finish line. The tape 
stretched across between the finish posts is not the finish line. 
It is merely placed there to guide the judges in arriving at a 
decision. The finish line is a whitewash mark drawn across the 
course at right angles to the sides of the track. When two 
athletes run a dead heat in a track event they cannot toss. 
They must compete again. 

In handicap jumping contests, when there is a tie, the com- 
petitor receiving the least allowance wins. In case a tie occurs 
in a scratch contest, three additional trials at each height will 
be given, and the bar lowered until one shall clear it. In case 
of a second tie, the contestant wins who clears the bar with the 
least number of trials. 

The order of events in the scratch events shall follow the 
printed programme. In handicap field events the man with 
the greatest allowance makes the first trial and the scratch 
man the last. 

The. field judges shall decide at what height a jump shall 
commence. Each contestant receives three trials at each height. 

A foul jump in the running broad jump is when the contest- 



108 



SPALniNO'S ATHLETIC LIRRARY. 



ant oversteps the joist and makes a mark on the ground in 
front of it, or runs over the line without jumping. The latter 
is what constitutes a foul without result. 

The club giving the games shall furnish poles in the pole- 
vaulting contest. An athlete can furnish his private pole, how- 
ever, and no contestant shall be allowed to use it. 

The matter of timekeeping is of very great importance. The 
rule is to time with one-fifth-second watches, and the time- 
keeper must be a man who has a quick eye and a quick move- 
ment, for the simple reason that the very moment he notices 
the smoke of the pistol he starts his watch, and when the runner 
reaches the tape he must stop the watch instantly, for then 
he has completed his journey, and any loss of time in stoppmg 
the watch will be a disadvantage to the runner. Novice timers 
must be particular to start their watches from the smoke instead 
of from the sound of the pistol, for obvious reasons. In the 
case of time-allowance handicaps, the timekeeper must make 
up a table and start the limit man 'Arsi and the other men ac- 
cording to their respective allov.ances; for example, m the 
mile walk A receives 50 seconds; B. 40 seconds; €,30 seconds; 
and D is on scratch. A is started and given 10 seconds on B, 
B gets 10 seconds on C, and C gets 30 seconds on D, the 
watch then showing 50 seconds, which the limit man gets 
on D. 

No record performance will be allowed unless timed by at 
least three official timekeepers, and no record will be accepted 
unless made in open competition, 

A man loses his novice -standing the minute he wins a priie 
and he cannot compete in any other novice race; it is imma- 
terial when the entries closed. In other words, if a man enters 
in a novice race at ^ set of games, and the first event should 
be a 60-yard run handicap, and he finishes second and wins a 
prize, he cannot compete in a subsecjuent novice race. 

It is necessary for the Games Committee to look after all the 
appurtenances of the meeting. 

' No professional contest or exhibition shall be allowed at any 
games held under the auspices of the A. A. U.. except that 



SPALDING'S ATITLRTIC LIBRARY. 



109 



regularly employed instructors may take part in exhibitions 
with their pupils. 

A contestant, should be properly attired, and it is the duty 
of the clerk of the course to see that this rule is obeyed. 

An open event is an event that is open to more than one 
club, school, college or organization. 

It is too bad that some plan cannot be perfected whereby 
the public would be given a chance to witness the athletic 
games without being interfered with by a lot of unnecessary 
officials and unruly contestants. Several of the best .thletic 
meetings held in New York City recently have beei. ruined by 
officials and contestants, whose only object seemed to be to 
obstruct the view of the spectators, and the time is not far 
distant when, if conditions do not change, the Amateur Athletic 
Union will be forced to pass a law limiting the number of 
officials that can be on the field. The directors of athletic 
games should station a man at all points where it is possible 
to gain entrance to the inner field, and refuse to let anyone in 
who has not a right to enter. The marshal should be one of 
the most important officials at athletic games, and some plan 
should be arranged whereby the contestants, after their event 
is over, should immediately leave the infield and not obstruct 
the view of the spectators. 



11(1 SI'AMMNtiS ATHLKTIC I.IP.KAUY, 

SUGGESTIONS FOR OFFICIALS 

The following letter, sent by Referee J. E. Sullivan to officials 
of the Intercollegiate A.A.A.A. meeting, held on Franklin Field, 
Philadelphia, Pa., May 27 and 28, 1910, applies so equally well to 
the conduct of all athletic meetings that it has been reproduced 
herewith. 
Gentlemen: TO OFFICIALS. 

The annual track and field championship meeting of the Inter- 
collegiate Association of Amateur Athletics of America is to 
be held on Franklin Field, Philadelphia, Pa., on Friday and 
Saturday, May 27 and 28, 1910, and as you have been selected 
to officiate on both of these days your co-operation with the 
Executive Committee and the Referee to make this meeting a 
perfect field meeting, from a managerial standpoint, is earnestly 
requested. This can be accomplished if all work together with a 
recognized plan and, therefore, at the suggestion of the Execu- 
tive Committee, Frank B. Ellis and R. B. Burns, Jr., 1, as Referee, 
herewith set forth certain points and interpretations in relation 
to the various events that are not fully explained in the hand- 
book, and some that are. Most of these instructions are thor- 
oughly familiar to the officials selected, but to make them com- 
plete as possible every point that could be foreseen has been 
included. 

The officials have been selected for their respective positions 
because the Executive Committee believes they are the best men 
qualified to fill the same, but, nevertheless, it is expected that 
any official selected will willingly fill some other position, or 
positions, should circumstances warrant the change. 

INFORMATION FOR OFFICIALS. 
Officials of the games will be admitted to Franklin Field at 
the entrance located at the West end of the South Stand. Your 
ticket enclosed will be your passport. Once inside, you will pro- 
cure your official badge from an official whom you will recog- ' 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Ill 

nize by the satchel which he holds just inside the field on the 
track. Present this letter. 

We will use badges with ribbons of three colors. 

I St. White Badges. These will admit to every part of the 
field. They will be given to the Referee, Clerk of the Course, 
Marshall, etc. 

2nd. Red Badges. These badges will entitle the wearer to the 
Judge's Stand and Timer's boxes, which will be found at the 
finish, and the portion of the track adjacent thereto. 

3rd. Blue Badges. These are for the officials having charge 
of the field events, and will entitle the wearer to occupy only 
that part of the field on which the field events are contested. 

By this- arrangement of badges, we expect to avoid the con- 
fusion often caused by the officials of the field events crowding 
around the finish of the track events, and vice versa. 

The games will commence promptly at 3.00 o'clock each day. 
We request all the officials to be on the field at 2:15, on Friday, 
to avoid all confusion, and to see that everything needed is on 
hand and in readiness. 

The games commence at 3.00 P. M. on Friday, and at 3.00 P 
M. on Saturday, and as there is always more or less delay on 
Friday in arranging the heats, which will be done by the Referee, 
and in getting the field events under way, owing to the large 
number of entries officials are requested to be on hand at least 
three-quarters of an hour before the tim>e set for the commence- 
ment of the games on each day. They will receive their 
badges from an officer of the Intercollegiate Association, or 
some one designated hy the Executive Committee, and it is 
especially requested that the officials refrain from asking for 
badges for their friends, who no doubt would like to help out, 
as it is the desire of the Executive Committee to keep the field 
clear this year of all but the actual competitors and officials that 
have been selected. 

The Field Judges, upon their arrival in the Stadium, will find 
a Fairbanks standard scales and a measuring board. They will 
at once weigh each implement for the field events and measure 
the hammer. Each implement (if correct) should be marked. 



112 Sl'ALDlNGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY, 

Under no circumstances must the officials allow the contest- 
ant or his representative to remove from the field any imple- 
ment that has been weighed or measured and found correct. If 
the P^ield Judges decide that the implement is not official, it must 
be immediately removed from the field. 

This weighing and measuring mnjst be repeated on Saturday, 
prior to th.c games. The Field Judges must be careful to meas- 
ure the hammers after they have been thrown a few times, for 
a case is on record where the hammer handle stretched several 
inches. This is one thing the measurers should watch for and 
be very careful about. 

PUTTING THE SHOT. 
On Friday the Field Judges will give to each contestant three 
trials, the best five to go in the finals on Saturday. On Saturday 
these five shall each be allowed three trials, and the best four 
competitors of the two afternoons, three additional trials. The 
best performance of the two afternoons shall decide the con- 
test. Great care must be exercised by the officials in watching 
out for foul shots. The shot is put from a wooden, iron ur white- 
washed circle, 7 feet in diameter. It is a foul put when a part of 
the contestant's foot goes on the circle. He is allowed seven feet, 
and the seven feet is measured from the insidt of the circle, not 
from the outside. Frequently, in shot putting, the contestant 
will try to take up all the space he can. Many put their right 
foot on the circle. It should not be allowed and is a foul put if 
they do so. Some shot putters will go to the toe board, not hit 
the toe board, but go to the side of the toe board, landing on the 
whitewashed mark or on the steel ring. .?That put is foul. Be 
careful in watching to bear in mind that a man can go to the 
toe board and leave the print of the spike of his shoes against 
the toe board, but if he goes on top of the board it is a foul put. 
A whitewashed line should be marked through the 7-foot circle, 
showing the front half and the rear half of the circle. Touching 
the ground forward of the front half of the circle before the put 
is measured is a foul. That means walking out the front half 
of the circle before the put is measured. It means if a man loses 



SPALDING'S ATHLIilTIC LIBRARY. 113 

his balance and touches the ground in front of the circle it is 
a foul put, and if a competitor, in putting the shot, has one foot 
on the top of the toe board it is a foul put. He can go to the 
toe board and touch it for a brace, but he cannot put his foot on 
top of it. He must also remember that if he touches the ground 
outside the circle with any portion of his body while the shot is in 
his hands it is a foul. 

THROWING THE HAMMER, 
On Friday the Feld Judges will give to each competitor three 
trials, the best five to go in the finals on Saturday. On Satur- 
day these five shall each be allowed three trials, and the best four 
competitors of the two afternoons three additional trials. The 
best performance of the two afternoons shall decide the contest. 

Weigh each implement for the field events, and measure the 
hammer. The intercollegiate A. A. A. A. has changed its rule in 
relation to the construction of the hammer. A wire gauge will 
be furnished and the wire used in each handle must conform 
to the rules. The handle must be of rigid construction. 

Be sure that the head and handle of the hammer is not more 
than four feet and that it does not weigh less than sixteen pounds. 
It is also a good thing to have some tacks and strips of lead 
handy : in case shot and hammer are light weight they can be 
brought up to the proper weight. These hammers and shots, 
when so weighted, must be carefully watched to see thit, the 
weight so added does not come ofif. The hammer is thrown 
from a 7- foot circle and the contestant rraust not put his foot on 
the circle. He must start inside of the circle. If a contestant 
starts to swing the hammer and lets go, it is considered a throw 
and it is a foul; if he starts to swing himself and does not let 
the hammer go out of his hands, but steps outside the circle or 
on the circle, it is a foul. If in making an attempt, the hammer 
breaks, he is allowed another trial ; that has been an established 
rule — ^although not in the handbook it has been passed upon by 
the Executive Committee. This does not mean if the hammer 
breaks when it lands. It means if the hammer breaks in his 
hands, while making the attempt. The head has been known to 



114 SrALDlNG'S ATHLETIC LIBKARY. 

snap off in this way. An imaginary line must be drawn through 
the center of the circle, showing the front and rear half of the 
circle. If a contestant walks out or falls out the front half before 
his put is measured, it is a foul. Always bear in mind that the 
circle is 7 feet in diameter, measured from the inside of the 
circle, not from the outside, and if a contestant steps on the 
circle it is a foul. 

The Field Judge must see that the circles are properly marked 
and measured before the competition commences. Foul lines, 
when necessary, must be plainly indicated on the ground, and 
the tak;e-off board must be spirit level with the earth. Arrange 
with the Management before the competition commences to 
have an attendant 10 carry back the hammer and shot, and 
secure an attendant to rake and level the earth after each jump 
and handle the cross bars. 

Field Judges must, during the hammer throwing, measure the 
hammer several times to see that it has not stretched. If a 
hammer handle stretches, all throws made with that hamm-er 
shall not be recorded and the contestant shall not be given an- 
other trial. It therefore rests with each contestant to see that his 
implement is absolutely legal and correct. 

THE FIELD JUDGES ON THE BROAD JUMP. 
1"he Field Judges will commence the competition promptly at 
3.00 P. M. on Friday and 3 P. M. on Saturday. Each man will 
be allowed three trials and the best five will go in the finals on 
Saturday, the best four having three additional trials. The best 
performance of the two afternoons shall deside the contest. The 
Field Judges must see that the dirt in the box is absolutely spirit 
level with the take-off board. Stepping over the take-off board 
is a try. If a contestant touches the earth in front of the take- 
off board with the spikes of his shoes or with his shoes it is a 
try, not measured ; in other words, a foul. The earth in f^-ont 
of the take-off board must be dug to the depth of three inches. 
If a contestant jumps and falls back, measure from that part 
of his body that is nearest the take-off board, no matter where he 
lands or touches you measure from the nearest break made by 



Si'AT.niNG'S ATHLETIC J.IBItARY. 115 

any part of his body or his clothing to the take-off joist. Meas- 
urers must see that the workman who is there to rake the ground 
rakes it absokitely level, and great care must be exercised by the 
measurer that the measuring tape lies exactly flat ; there must be 
no little hills of dirt to raise it. 

FIELD JUDGES ON HIGH JUMP. 

Each contestant is allowed three trials at each height, and the 
best five of the competition on Friday afternoon shall compete 
again on Saturday. The event shall be decided by the contest of 
Saturday, the jumps of Friday not counting, except for a record 
and the purpose of qualifying for Saturday. If a tie on Friday 
would qualify more than five men, then that tie must be jumped 
off, as no more than five men can compete on Saturday. 

In the High Jump and Pole Vault the event shall be decided 
by the contest on Saturday. The measurers are to decide the 
height of the bar; the contestants have absolutely nothing what- 
ever to do with it. A contestant can omit any height, but he 
cannot have the bar lowered to try at the height that he omitted. 
After a contestant has answered his name and taken one trial 
at a given height he cannot omit the other two trials, but must 
continue and finish his three trials at the height he commenced, 
unless called to compete on the track or in some other field 
event. The question of moving uprights will be decided by the 
Executive Committee at a meeting to be held in the near future. 
This point has heretofore caused a great deal of trouble, owing 
to the fact that each contestant seems to think that it is neces- 
sary for him to change the position of the uprights. Definite 
instructions regarding the matter will be given to the officials 
either on the day of the meeting or sooner. 

THE JUDGES AT THE POLE VAULT. 

The interpretation of the rules regarding the High Jump will 
also apply to the Pole Vault. 

The measurer shall decide on the height of the bar at each 
successive elevation. The contestants have nothing whatever to 
say about it. Two balks shall count as a try. The point has been 



116 SPALDTNCrhi ATITI.ETIC T.IRKAKY. 

brought before tlie Executive Committee at i)re\'ious m/eetings, 
and it has been decided that should a contestant break his pole 
it will not be considerd a try. The Judges must carefully watch 
each man's vault to see that his lower hand is not raised over the 
other during the vault; he can bring his lower hand up to his 
other hand, but not over it ; he cannot raise the upper hand. 
Competitors are allowed to dig holes if they so desire. The 
Judges should see, before the competition begins, that take-off 
ground is spirit) level, so that in case of a record measuring will 
be easy. 

The pegs must be set in the uprights perfectly straight and not 
extend out over two inches, and must be kept the same distance 
during the entire competition. The cross-bar should be marked 
"Top" and "Bottom," and as it is replaced after each jump the 
side marked "Top" must be turned up. If this is not done it 
may make a difference of one-half or one-eighth of an i^xh. 

The judges must be careful to see that an attendant or fellow 
connpetitor does not grab the pole that a contestant has used in 
the pole vault so as to prevent it displacing the cross bar. The 
contestants in the pole vault must handle their own poles, and if 
the pole falls and displaces the bar that is considered a try. 
Therefore prohibit any attendant or fellow competitor from 
grasping the pole if it has a tendency to follow the competitor. 
The contestant can throw it the other way and it can then be 
caught by someone before it touches the ground, but under no 
circumstances must an attendant or anyone else stand ready to 
grab the pole before the vaulter has finished his vault. 

TO^ ALL FIELD JUDGES. 

In all field events the officials shall excuse a contestant if he is 
called for a track event, or other field event, and after the event 
he shall be allowed his missed trials. The Field Judges shall in- 
struct the contestants that any unnecessary delay on their part 
will be considered by the Field Judges and a try counted. Of 
course, the Field Judges will use good judgment in this particular 
new rule before they call a try on one of the contestants. 

Bear in mind that there is no law that calls for trial jumps, trial 



si'aldin(t'8 athi.eth" library. 117 

puts, or trial throws. If the contestants want a Httle practice let 
them take the field at 2.30 P. M. and have a half-hour's practice. 
At 3.00 P. M. on Friday and 3 P. M. on Saturday the Field 
Judges will stop all trials and commence the competition. In 
other words, all trials and practicing must be done prior to the 
time set for the commencing of the competition. 

JUDGES AT FINISH. 

The Judges at the finish will pick the men in the order of their 
names on the program. Two shall stand at one end of the tape 
and two at the other. In case of a disagreement the Judges shall 
constitute themselves a jury and the majority shall decide. It is 
good judgment for the judges to watch the finish, i, 2, 3, 4, in 
the different races, so that they can give evidence, if necessary, 
and they should bear in mind that the finish is not at the tape; 
it is a line on the ground drawn across the track from post to 
post, and a contestant shall not be considered to have finished 
his race unless his entire body crosses the line. If a man falls, 
of course, and part of his body is on the line, that is not a finish. 

In watching the finish it is good judgment for the juc'ge who 
has been selected to pick the winner to also note carefully who 
finished second, third and fourth, and the judge who is picking 
second man should note who finished third and fourth, and in 
case of a disagreement the majority will decide. In other words 
the judge selected to pick the first man should not confine his 
efforts to the winner only, and the same thing applies to the other 
judges. In case of a disagreement they must cast their votes to 
arrive at a final decision. 

TIMEKEEPERS. 

Three timekeepers shall record the time, two on one side and 
one on the other. A substitute watch shall always be used, 
but the three timers only shall serve, so that should a record be 
made the time can be official. The timers shall make it a point 
to see that they are not obstructed and that they are directly in 
line with the tape. 

Five timers have been appointed. Three will serve as official 
timers in rotation with each event. 



118 rpalding'kS athletic library. 

THE CLERK OF THE COURSE. 

The Clerk of the Course shall designate to his assistants their 
work. He shall, promptly at 2.30 P. M. on Friday and 2.30 P. 
M. on Saturday, either himself personally or through one of his, 
assistants, call the competitors. He, or his assistant, shall check 
off. The competitors shall bear in mind this rule ; they must, 
upon arriving at the ground, report to the Clerk of the Course, 
or his assistant or representative, and the contestant must inform 
himself of the time of each event in which he competes. The 
excuse that he has not been called will not be considered a 
reasonable excuse, and the Clerk of the Course will see that no 
competitor starts without his proper number. 

Rule Vni. holds the Clerk of the Course responsible for the 
appearance of the contestants at the proper time for each event. 
Rule XI. says that the contestants must report promptly at the 
start of each race without waiting to be notified. Notwithstand- 
ing this, it is the duty of the Clerk of the Course and his assist- 
ants to see that each event is properly announced at least five 
minutes before the event is called and after the Clerk of the 
Course is assured that his assistants have made the official call 
he must not hold back the event, must not detain the checking 
up of the contestants ; he must do it at once and turn the athletes 
over to the Starter. At some college meets this year this matter 
has not been managed particularly well. At nearly all of them 
there have been unnecessary delays due to the fact that the con- 
testants did not respond promptly to the call of the Clerk of the 
Course. In dual meets perhaps there may be some excuse. At 
this meeting there will be no excuse and none will be taken. 
Each college should make it a point to see that some one inter- 
ested in it keeps posted and gets the men out at the proper 
time. Programs will be printed intelligently and the order of 
the events is set forth in the Intercollegiate A.A.A.A. Handbook 
that accompanies this letter, and it is to be hoped that the con- 
testants will help the officials to do their duty. 

The contestants must bear in mind that no attendants what- 
ever are allowed on the infield, nor can they accompany a com- 
petitor to the mark or to the events, cither track or field. 



SfALDlNG'S ATHLETIC LI6RARY. lid 

THE STARTER. 
The Starter has had assigned to him the events that he is to 
start. After the Clerk of the Course is through with the men 
he will turn them over to the Starter. It is to be hoped that 
he will not bother the men with unnecessary speeches, but will 
get the event off as soon as possible. 

THE CHIEF SCORER. 

The Chief Scorer shall assign his assistants and they are the 
ones to call the contestants for their trials. The scorers shall, 
in the field events, keep a complete record of all the trials, and it 
is his duty to announce the name of the next contestant and then 
call the one that follows, so that there will be no delay. There 
shall be a scorer at the start of each race and one at the finish, 
so as to get a complete record of all the contestants that start 
and all that finish. 

THE INSPECTORS. 
. The inspectors are assistants to the Referee. They will assist 
him in detecting fouls, or interference during a race. The in- 
spectors are important officials. At previous mieetings, there has 
been a great deal of pushing and jostling in the start of the 
one-mile, the half-mile and the two-mile races. This year it 
must be stopped. There will be three inspectors stationed at 
the start of the events above mentioned. The contestants must 
understand that the colleges draw for their position and even 
if there is any advantage in the inside position they must not 
shove and push to get it; if they do, on the report of the in- 
spectors, they are liable to be disqualified. 

In the hurdle race it will be the duty of the inspectors to see 
that the hurdles are all up when the contestants have finished 
their race, because in the matter of a record, if a hurdle is down, 
the record will not be allowed. 

In the hurdle race it is the duty of the Management to see 
that the hurdles, which are of a collapsible kind, are buckled or 
spiked so that it will be an impossibility for the top to collapse 
and leave the hurdle standing. Inspectors are requested to ex- 
amine the hurdles before the hurdle race is started. 



120 SrAT.DTXO'fi ATTTLKTTr TJRnA"RY. 

I desire particnlarl} to call the attention of the inspectors to 
the following rule (Rule 20, I. C. A. A. A. A. Handbook, page 28) : 

FOULING. 
Any competitor may be disqualified by the referee 
for jostling, running across, or in any \va\- impeding 
another and all the competitors representing a member of 
of the Association in any one event mray be disqualified 
by the referee by the act of any one of such competitors 
in jostling, running across or in any way impeding an- 
other. 
1 his rule should be read carefully by the Inspectors, Captains 
and Managers' of each college team that takes part in the meet- 
mg. The above rule clearly gives to the Referee . the right to 
disqualify all men from any one college. if it is clear that one 
or two men have entered for the sole purpose of impeding, inter- 
fering with or jostling any one particular runner. 

Team work of this kind must be eliminated. Tf it occurs, the 
Referee may disqualify the entire team of which the competitor 
is a member. It would be good judgment if the mspector, 
when competitors get to a particular bend of the track, would 
run with therm for fifteen or twenty yards and watch them 
carefully. 

The Referee has his hands full and the meeting can only be 
made a success by all the officials working together as a unit. 
After a race has been completed it is to be hoped that interested 
collegians and contestants will not bother the Referee. He will, 
if evidence is necessary, consult with the inspectors and then 
render a decision ; it is not necessary to ask for a decision. 

Last year there were some complaints owing to the number 
of heats necessary, and it is only fair to state, however, that 
according to the law the heats must be so arranged that the 
second men in all trial heats are given the chance to run over. 

TRACK JUDGES. 
The Referee will give the Judges instructions as to the num- 
ber of men they are to pick in each heat. Should a dead heat 



• SrALDINO'S ATHLirnC J.IBUARY. 12l 

result the judges must report the same at once to the Reteree, 
who can order a re-run of that dead-heat at once, if necessary. 

THE CHIEF FIELD JUDGE. 
There will be appointed a Chief Field Judge, who will repre- 
sent thti Referee. It will be his duty to see that the field events 
are started promptly at 3.00 P. Al. on Friday and 3 P. AI. on 
Saturday, and that there will be no unneqessary delay in the 
competition. This will materially assist the Referee, and if the 
Field Judges will ask the Chief Field Judge any questions he 
will get for them the information they desire. 

THE ANNOUNCER'S. 

As an announcer is to serve for each field event it is re- 
quested that they keep the spectators constantly informed of 
the progress of the contestants in these events. 

They are also requested to confine their efforts to announc- 
ing the performances, and not indulge in side remarks, as some- 
times happens. 

THE MARSHAL. 

The Marshal is absolrtely responsible to the Referee and the 
Executive Committee for the control of individuals who are 
on the field when not competing. It is his duty to see that all 
competitors are requested to leave the field after the competition 
and, if possible, to prohibit officials loaning their badges to 
those who desire to go on the field to have a few moments con- 
versation with some friendly official or college mate who is 
competing. Officials should wear their badges prominently. It 
is the Marshal's duty to request each athlete to leave the infield 
as soon as he is through with his competition. It is not neces- 
sary for him to stay there to encourage his friends. Com- 
plaints have been made to the Referee that contestants on the 
infield, competing in field events, coached runners in several 
races. It is to be hoped that the officials will prohibi; coaching 
of this kind by competitors on the infield during a race. 

JAMES E. SULLIVAN, 
Referee. 



122 SPALDINCS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB 

The course to pursue in cjider to start amateur athletics 
would be to call a meeting of students and pupils of all colleges 
and schools, respectively, and, if a manufacturing town, call all 
employees, as well as others who would be likely to take an 
interest in amateur pastimes, and organize an athletic club to 
be named after your county or town. The constitution and 
by-laws of such club should be modeled on the following lines : 

CONSTITUTION 

ARTICLE I. 

N A M !•: . 

Section i. This organization shall be known as [name 
adopted], incorporated [date]. 

OBJECT. 

Sec. 2. The object of this club shall be physical development. 

Sec. 3. Gambling and sale of liquors will not be allowed in 
gymnasium or club room. Members who are expelled for vio- 
lating this section forfeit all rights in and to the privileges, prop- 
erty and franchises of the club, but are still liable for arrears 
of dues, fees, assessments or charges previously held against 
them. The club agrees to abide by all rules and regulations 
of the Amateur Athletic Union or any of its committees. 

ARTICLE II. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Section i. A candidate for membership must be not less 
than 18 years of age, and can only be proposed by a member 
in good standing, upon the proposition blank issued by the 



SrALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 123 

club, which must be accompanied by the regular fee, and 
handed to the Recording Secretary at least two weeks before 
the regular meeting. 

Sec. 2. All candidates shall be voted for by ballot at the 
regular monthly meeting. 

If three (3) black balls are cast against the candidate, he shall 
be rejected and his proposition fee returned to him.' 

Sec. 3. A rejected candidate cannot be proposed more than 
once in six (6) months. 



ARTICLE III. 

RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS. 

Section i. The members of this club shall have the privi- 
lege of using the grounds and all apparatus contained within 
the club rooms or in possession of the club. 

Sec. 2. Only members in good standing shall be privileged 
to vote and are eligible to office. 

Sec 3. Any member, to hold an office of trust or responsi- 
bility, must have been a member in good standing for three 
(3) months or more. 



ARTICLE IV. 

meetings. 

Section i. The regular meetings of this club shall be held 
f.)n the evening of the , at 8 p. m. 

Sec 2. At the recjuest of twelve (12) members, the Presi- 
dent may call a special ineeting should any circumstance re- 
quire it. 

Written or printed notices of all special meetings shall be 
sent to each member in good standing, at least 48 hours before 
said meeting shall be held, and no business but that specified 
shall be transacted at said meeting. 

Sec 3. Fifteen (15) members in good standing shall con- 
stitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting. 



224 SPALDING'S ATHLKTIC LIIiKARY. 

ARTICLE V. 
OFFICERS. 

Section i. The officers of this club shall consist of a Presi- 
dent, Vice-President, Recording Secretary, Financial Secre- 
tary, Treasurer, Sergeant-at-Arms and Assistant, Captain of 
Indoor Sports and Assistant, Captain of Outdoor Sports and 
Assistant, Master of Property and Assistant, and the Board of 
Trustees. 

Sec. 2. The Board of Trustees shall consist of five (5) mem- 
bers. 

ARTICLE VI. 

ELECTIONS. 

Section i. All officers shall be elected annually by ballot 
(or by acclamation, should there be but one candidate) at the 
regular meeting held in of each year. 

Sec 2. In case of vacancy of any office, an election to fill 
such vacancy shall be held at the next regular meeting. 

Sec 3, Should any officer absent himself from three suc- 
cessive regular meetings, without excuse satisfactory to the 
club, the office becomes vacant, and the club shall immediately 
proceed to fill same. 

Sec 4. In case of a tie vote at any election, the club shall 
again vote; should the second ballot result in a tie, the chair- 
man's vote shall be the deciding vote. 

ARTICLE VIL 
duties of officers. 
Section i. It shall be the duty of the President to preside 
at all meetings of the club, and conduct the same according 
to the Constitution and By-Laws of this club, examine and 
sign all official documents requiring his signature, exert a gen- 
eral supervision over the interests of the club, and perform 
such other duties as are usually required of and performed by 
a presiding officer; and call special meetings according to Ar- 
ticle IV., Section 2, of this Constitution. fie shall not vote. 



SrALDING'S ATHLKTIC LIBRARY. 125 

except in case of a tie, and neither make nor second a /notion 
of any kind. 

Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Vice-President to per- 
form all the duties of the President in case of the latter 's absence, 
or when called upon by that officer. 

Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the Recording Secretary 
to call the roll of officers; keep a correct account of the pro- 
ceedings of the club, issue all proper notices, receive and open 
all communications, and conduct all the correspondence apper- 
taining to his office; keep a blank book in which vShall be re- 
corded the names of all persons rejected, suspended or expelled 
by the club, specifying for what offence such action was taken. 
He shall, for the faithful performance of his duty, receive 
per annum, payable quarterly. 

Sec. 4. The Financial Secretary shall keep a correct ac- 
count between the club and its members; collect all money 
due the club and pay the same to the Treasurer, taking receipt 
therefor. At every regular meeting he shall render a list of 
all members four months or more in arrears to the Recording 
Secretary. He shall notify all members that are liable to 
suspension or expulsion within one week previous thereto. He 
shall, for the faithful performance of his duty, receive 
per annum, payable quarterly. 

Sec. 5. The Treasurer shall receive all money collected by 
the Financial Secretary, for which he shall give his receipt, 
shall hold all money belonging to the club and pay therefrom 
all orders for money attested by the Recording Secretary 
countersigned by the President and signed by the Board o; 
Trustees. 

The Treasurer shall furnish a bond, the amount of which 
shall be decided by the Board of Trustees. The bond shall be 
renewed immediately after the election. The Treasurer shall, 
at no time, have on hand more than 

all money above that amount to be deposited by him in some 
bank, to be decided by the Board of Trustees, delivering the 
book to the Board of Trustees within forty-eight hours after 
having made the deposit. 



126 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



He shall make a written report at every regular meeting of 
the condition of the finances. He shall, for the faithful per- 
formance of his duties, receive per annum, 
payable quarterly. 

SERGEANT-AT-ARMS AND ASSISTANT. 

Sec. 6. It shall be the duty of the Sergeant-at-Arms and 
Assistant to maintain and preserve order at all business and 
gymnastic meetings. 

INDOOR CAPTAIN AND ASSISTANT. 

Sec. 7. The Indoor Captain shall, have charge of all indoor 
exercises, as per rules and regulations of gymnasium; all orders 
and commands made by him during class hours must be com- 
plied with; any disobedience on part of exercising members 
h^ will report to the club at the next regular meeting. In the 
absence of the Indoor Captain the Lieutenant shall officiate 
in his stead. 

OUTDOOR CAPTAIN AND ASSISTANT. 

Sec. 8. The Outdoor Captain shall endeavor to promote 
outdoor athletic sports. It shall be his dutv to handicap club 
competitions and appoint officials for same. In the absence 
of the Outdoor Captain the Assistant Ca])tain will officiate in 
his stead. 

MASTER OF PROPERTIES .\XD ASSISTANT 

Sec. g. It shall be their duty to have charge of all apparatus 
of the club, shall keep same in good order, repair or have re- 
pairing attended to, charging the same to the club. 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES 

Sec. 10. The Board of Trustees shall have charge of all the 
property, effects and assets of the club. They shall, with the 
sanction of the club, have the power to buy or sell any property 
of the club. 

To have and use a common seal and under said seal to enter 
into contracts. It shall be thei'- dutv to effect insurance on 
all property l)elonging to the cluo 



SI'ALDIXC'S A'rni-KTIC l.mUAUV. 127 

They shall report the condition of the club quarterly and at 
such other times as the club may require. It shall be their 
duty to investigate the qualifications of all candidates pro- 
posed for membership, which must be approved of by a ma- 
jority of the Board. The Board of Trustees, in conjunction 
with the officers of the club, shall receive and consider all com- 
plaints of disorderly conduct. 

They shall inflict punishment on the members found guilty, 
in the following degrees ■, 

First offence — Reprimanded. Second offence — Debarred 
from all the rights and privileges of the club for the term of 
two (2) months, or a fine of $1. Third offence — His name 
shall be brought up at the next regular meeting of the club to 
be expelled. 

In the case of a member of the Board of Trustees absenting 
himself from three consecutive meetings, without valid excuse, 
his office shall be declared vacant and his place filled by ballot 
at the next monthly meeting of the club. Any member to be 
eligible to Trusteeship must be 18 years of age. 

ARTICLE VIII. 

COLORS AND UNIFORM 

Section i. The colors of this club shall be 
The uniform of the club shall consist of 

Sec. 2 The emblem shall be a 

Sec. 3. Any member representing this club at any com- 
petition, when entered by the club, must wear the club uni 
form, as described in Sec. i of this Article. 

ARTICLE IX. 

AMENDMENTS OR REPEAL, 

Section i. This Constitution may be amended or repealed 
by a two-third vote of the members present at a regular meet- 
ing; provided that a copy of the proposed amendments shall 
have been handed to the Secretary and read at a previous 
meeting and that all members be notified thereof. 



128 pPALniXC/S ATIILKTIC MlUtARY. 

BY-LAWS 

ARTICLE I 

Section i. The regular dues of this chib shall be 
per month. 

Sec. 2. Any member in arrears of dues to tlu- amount of 
shall be notified, and uidess giving a satisfactory 
explanation shall be expelled. 

Sec. 3. Any member being fined or assessed, or who is in- 
debted to the club for balb picnic or excursion tickets, and 
neglects to pay the same within months, shall be im- 

mediately notified by the Financial Secretary, and should he 
fail to pay at the next regular meeting, his name shall be pre- 
sented to the club for action; the penalty for this offence shall 
be fine suspension or expulsion, as the clul) may decide. 

ARTICLE II. 

RESIGNATION. 

Section i. Any resignation of membership must be made 
in writing, but no resignation shall receive any consideration 
by the club until arrears, if any. have been paid, according to 
Article I., Sections 2 and 3 of the By-Laws. 

ARTICLE III. 
Section i. The Board of Trustees shall have legal title tc 
all the property of the club, should the same become insolvent 
or disorganized. 

ARTICLE IV. 
Section i. Any member requesting to be suspended, and 
giving a satisfactory reason m writing, may. upon the decision 
of the club, be suspended for a specified time. 

ARTICLE V. 
reinstatement. 
Section i. Any member stricken from the roll on account 
of being in arrears, may be reinstated by paying up all his in- 



i^l'ALI)I\(rs ATITl^ETK' IJTUIAKV. 129 

tU'bledncss lo the cliib. hut must ho elected by a two-third 
vote of all the members ])resent at a meetini^. 



ARTK^Li-: vr. 

F I X !■; s . 
Shction 1. Any membi'i failini^ to uotif\- the Recording 
Secretary of the chaiii^e of his addnss, within thirty (30) days 
shall be fined 

ARTICLE VII. 

HOXOkARV MEMBERS. 

Section i. Honorary membership may be conferred by the 
majority vote of the club; he shall have all the privileges, but 
no voice or vote in the club, cannot be eligible for office, shall 
not be liable for dues, nor attend meetings. He may become 
an active member by the payment of dues from the date of his 
application, 

ARTICLE VIII. 

entries. 
Section i. Any member competing in an open competition 
sanctioned by the A. A. U., when not entered by the club, shall 
pay his own entrance fee. 



ARTICLE IX. 

VISITORS. 

Section r. Visitors must be vouched for or accompanied 
bv a member. shall be visitors' night. 

ARTICLE X. 
damage to property. 
Section i. Damage to property shall be paid for by any 
person or persons wilfully causing same. 



130 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

ARTICLE XI. 

AMENDMENTS. 

Section i. These By-Laws may be amended or repealed, 
according to Article IX., Section i, of the Constitution. 

ARTU LE XH. 

DISSOLUTION. ^ 

Section i. This club shall in no wise be dissolved as long as 
members shall be in favor of its continuance. 

ARTICLE XIII. 

ORDER OF BUSINESS. 

1. Opening. 

2. Roll-call of officers and trustees. 

3. Readmg the minutes of the previous meeting. 

4. Proposal and election of new members. 

5. Election of Officers and Trustees. 

6. Reports of various committees. 

7. Reading of correspondence. 

8. Report of Financial Secretary, 

9. Report of Treasurer. 

10. Unfinished business. 

1 1. New business. 

12. Adjournment. 



srAM)iN<;s A'iiiij;ric i.iukary. 181 

COUNTY ATHLETIC LEAGUES 

In 1895 Mr. C. C. Hughes, a member of the Board of Gov- 
ernors, of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, sug- 
gested to the governing body that it should create in every county 
in the United States, particularly the counties that do not include 
large cities, a County Athletic League, to become a member of 
the Association controlling the district of the A.A.U. wherein 
such county is located. At that time the A.A.U. sent throughout 
the United States ten thousand circular letters explaining how a 
league could be formed* and ten thousand copies of the Athletic 
Primer, which proved a great advantage toi those who believe in 
regulated athletics and the benefits, derived therefrom. 

The time is now ripe, owing to the growth of organized 
athletics, to have County Athletic Leagues,, properly constituted 
and controlled, to work with the Amateur Athletiq Union of the 
United States, the body that has established amateur athletics 
in these United States. Could we therefore, ask of you to call 
together the prominent workers of your county to form a County 
Athletic League, bringing into your organization those interested 
in playground activities, Sunday School athletics, church athletics, 
settlement athletics and the athletic interests of the public school, 
high school, military and college groups. Endeavor by all means, 
if you have a factory or factories, to interest all of the factory 
young men in the movement. This league could then control 
all of the athletic activities of the district, and its members could 
compete among themselves without registration or sanction from 
the A.A.U., as it would be a league of individual athletes. 

The only condition in relation to having the activities recog- 
nized, would be that the league must become a member of the 
Association of the A.A.U. which controls that territory. But of 
course they would have to recognize the law of athletics, and pro- 
fessionals could not compete. If they allowed a professional to 
compete with them, they would all become professionals. This 
particular group could hold all kinds of athletic games among 
themselves, but should any of its members desire to leave the 
county to compete or take part in games within the county open 



132 SrAI>DING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

to individuals not members of the County Athletic League, the 
men would have to register with the A.A.U., as that would be 
competing in open games and the meetings would also have to 
be sanctioned. 

Our suggestion regarding County Athletic Leagues is made to 
encourage the boys of the different counties. They could compete 
under proper rules and regulations and the Metropolitan Associa- 
tion would furnish to them a copy of the athletic rules and if 
necessary a copy of the Constitution and By-Laws. The Metro- 
politan Association would also help out in furnishing proper of- 
ficials to conduct your athletic activities. 

The benefits to be derived from organized athletics are so many 
some must of course be known to you. Start the boy in athletics 
and you are going to make a good citizen of him. In the first 
place, the boys have to compete under the rules that are laid down 
by the governing body; they are taught that they must obey 
these laws. They are in a good atmosphere, and their training 
is the best kind of work for future citizenship. The boy's morals 
are kept good, for if a boy between the age of twelve and 
eighteen years takes up athletics and follows the necessary simple 
course of training he should not drink or smoke, he should not 
dissipate, and he should get a full night's rest. This builds up 
the body. This is the kind of work we are doing and the kind of 
work we want the County Athletic Leagues to encourage. It is 
the kind of work that the Amateur Athletic Union of the United 
States, the most influential governing body in the world, has al- 
ways stood for. 

If this movement is to be a success it is to your advantage, if 
you are interested, to have the prominent officials and business men 
of your county call a conference to organize a County Athletic 
League. I would recommend that the County Clerk call the 
meeting and that there be elected a board of governors of fifteen 
of the most important business men of your district, including 
prominent clergymen, one from each denomination. 
EVERETT C. BROWN. J. E. SULLIVAN, 

President Amateur Athletic Union, Secretary-Treasurer. 

Chicago, 111. 



133 



HOW TO LAY OUT A LAWN TENNIS 
COURT 

From Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual. 

As a double court practically includes every line to be found in 
a- single court, it is best to take first the measure for the latter. 
Having determined the position of your net, plant in the ground, 
in the line chosen, two pegs, 2"/ feet apart (at the points A and B 




in the diagram). Then take two measures and attach their re- 
spective ends to the pegs A and B. On the first, which will meas- 
ure the diagonal of the court, take a length of 47 feet 5 inches; 
on the other 39 feet ; pull both taut in such directions that at 
these distances they meet in a point C . This \\\\\ give one corner 
of the court. At that point F, 21 feet from B, put in a peg to 
mark the end of the service line. The other corner, D, and the 
other end of the service-line G, may be found by interchanging 
the measures and repeating the process. The same measurements 
on the other side of the net will complete the exterior boundaries 
of the court. By prolonging the base-line 4 feet 6 inches in each 



134 



SrALDINO-f; ATlTLKTir LIBKARY 



direction, and joining the four new points thus obtained, we 
can make the side-lines of a double court. It only remains to 
mark the central line. This is done by joining the middle points 
of the service-line. If a double court alone be required, the 
interior side-lines need not be prolonged to rrueet the base-lines. 
Remember that in all cases the net-posts must stand at a dis- 
tance of three feet from the side-lines. 



Side'Line 



78 feet 



i 1 


f 

t 


Half Court ! Line, 42 feet 




h 


1 



Diaaram of Sinfjle and Double Court. 

For a court where a single or double game can be played, the 
size is 78 feet in length by 36 in width, 4V2 feet inside the side 
lines, and parallel with them are drawn the service lines. See 
diagram above. 



Sl'ALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. I35 



HOW TO BUILD AND KEEP A LAWN 
TENNIS COURT 

Nothing is more important for the full enjoyment of lawn 
tennis than a satisfactory court, and none of the other accessories 
of the game offers a wider variety. Many important considera- 
tions come up even after the kind of court to be built, and the 
cost, have been decided upon. No matter how much is to be 
spent on the ground, nor what the surface is to be, the most im- 
portant things to consider first are space, light and drainage. 

The back-stop nettings should never be nearer than fifteen feet 
to the lines, and if good players are expected to use the court, 
particularly if tournament matches are to take place on it, the 
space behind the base-line should be 21 feet at each end. At the 
sides at least 6 feet, if possible 12 feet should be allowed beyond 
the side lines for doubles o^ each court. A well-appointed court 
for tournarruent play should be centered in an unobstructed space 
of not less than 60x120 feet. Wire back-stop netting 10 or 12 
feet high should surround it at these distances from the lines. If 
there are two or more courts together, there should be at least 
12 feet between their side-lines, and one netting can surround all. 

In. selecting a site for a court, a spot, should be chosen where 
there is always plenty of sunlight, and where at no time of the 
day does any shadow cross the ground on which the court is to be 
laid. Green or black is a preferable background to play against, 
but any dark and even color will do. A court should never be 
laid out with any very light background within a short distance at 
either end, or close at either side. Nor should a site be selected 
with a badly mixed or moving background. Shade trees are use- 
ful near a court, only if their shadow is a solid one, not constantly 
checkered by flecks of ^ sunlight glittering through moving 
branches, which constantly confuse the players. Never should 
they be allowed near enough to cast any shadows on the playing 
surface. 



136 SI'ALD1N<;S ATIUvKTIC LIliKAin'. 

One more cardinal point should be remembered. The court 
should invariably be laid out north and south — never east and 
west. If this warning is disregarded, the I'.la.Ncr at one end or 
the other will be hopelessly blinded by the sun. 

The question of drainage is one oil the most important consid- 
erations in selecting a site of this kind. On the natural facilities 
depends largely the cost of laying out a good court. If the natural 
soil be sandy and well drained, or if it is on high ground which 
slopes away near by, artificial drain pipes will not have to be 
put in, and this saves much of the cost, but if it be thick clay 
that holds moisture long, or on low ground with neighboring 
slopes that drain toward it, the court will be useless for many 
hours after each rainfall unless artificial drain-pipes are put in. 

After the site has been selected, it must be decided whether a 
grass or "dirt" court is to be built. If the natural sod is luxu- 
riant and the soil favorable for its growth, or if the court is not 
to be used enough to wear ofif the grass, a turf court will gener- 
ally be found preferable, but if the ground is to be constantly in 
use, the sod will wear off and becomie "bald'' unless there is 
space enough on the lawn to shift the court frequently. 

When good turf cannot be had or will not stand the wear, a 
substitute must be found,, and sand or dirt courts are most often 
used. On well-drained land, one can sometimes cut away the 
top surface, level the ground and roll it until welK hardened and 
the court is ready for use, but more preparation is necessary to 
build a permanent court that will not be constantly losing its 
proper level. 

For such a court the earth should be cut away to a depth of 
one foot if no drains are required. After leveling it carefully 
with a spirit-level, to be sure that the grade is right, a layer of 
six inches of broken stone should first bo laid and pounded down 
hard. Ordinary trap rock used for macadamizing roads is per- 
haps the best for this purpose, but any broken stone ranging in 
sizes from a walnut to an egg will answer the purpose. This 
should be covered with a three-inch layer of coarse gravel or fine 
broken stone, which should be thoroughly poundec' and watered 
for several days before being covered, Before <,ay surface is 



srALi)iN(is A'nii.K'ric jjiiuakv. 137 

put on the court, the greatest care should be taken to see that the 
foundation is perfectly level. Any holes or depressions that ap- 
pear from rolling and pounding should be filled in before it is 
covered. 

Every well built court should, be graded either from end to end 
or from side to side to an extent of not over two inches, which 
will suffice to drain off rain water If artificial drainage is neces- 
sary to keep the court dry, drain pipes can be laid in the founda- 
tions of the court about three feet outside the side and end lines, 
care being taken whereb}^ the pipes will tilt, following the grade 
of the court as far as possible, thus allowing the water to run off. 
The best drain pipes are six-inch stone sewer pipe, cut in halves, 
or stone gutters used on tiled roofs, which should be sunk in the 
ground immediately under the foundation of broken rock and 
filled with pebbles or fine cracked stone. 

The covering for a gravel or sand court should be not less than 
three nor more than six inches in thickness, and of sandy loam 
and clay mixed. The proportions depend on the quality of the 
clay. If it is very binding and sticky, one part of sand to four 
of clay are preferable, but for the average ingredients they should 
be mixed about eight parts of clay to one part of sand. When 
the court is finished, if it is found to be too soft but dry, miore 
clay should be added ; while if it drains poorly and stays muddy 
too long after rain, or its surface is too sticky for the player's 
feet, more sand should be added on the surface. When a court 
is finally covered, it should be thoroughly watered and rolled 
alternately twice every day for two weeks before it is played on 
at all, and any depressions or uneven spots corrected as fast as 
they appear from the settling. After the first heavy rain storm 
it should be gone over and releveled most carefully, for then it is 
most likely to develop new faults. 

The fine seashore sand will seldom be found satisfactory for 
the surface of a court, for it works loose too quickly under the 
players' feet, and can only be made to bind when mixed with a 
large proportion of clay, which will make the drainage more diffi- 
cult, as water percolates very slowly through clay. If the soil 
upon which a court is being built is very rich and worms promise 



138 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

to work through to thq surface above and injure the court, it is 
well to lay a layer of fine cinders, those from a railroad engine 
preferred, between the foundation and the sandy surface layer. 
These cinders effectively prevent worms from coming through the 
surface. It is also well to use coarse sifted ashes mixed with the 
stones in the drain pipes. 

The construction of a grass court is less difficult, but varies 
miuch more in process. If cost need not be considered, it should be 
built by an expert, and will be laid on deep-laid foundations ; if 
it is desired to build an economical court on an available lawn 
which is fairly level, the cost will not be heavy. The sod should 
first be carefully removed in squares of about eighteen inches, 
from a space at least 50 by 100 feet, cutting down to a depth 
of about six inches. The ground should then be turned with a 
spade to a depth of eighteen inches or two feet, and after all 
stones have been removed, and the earth carefully raked over and 
leveled, it should be packed and rolled with a heavy roller. It 
ear-not have too much leveling and rolling, and the rolling should 
be kept up for several days with plenty of soaking by rain or 
hose-pipe. Any inequalities which the heavy pressure of the 
roller produces should be filled in or cut down before the sods are 
relaid. 

After the ground has been rolled sufficiently the sods should 
be replaced. In doing this it is important to get the edges close 
together, so that no seams or open cracks can be found. These 
sods should be relaid in the afternoon and well drenched with 
water. The next day the ground should be rolled again ; and 
this should be followed by alternate drenching and rolling for 
several days. Even when the ground finally appears firm and 
level, the court should not be played upon uiitil new blades of 
grass appear in considerable numbers. If depressions appear, 
the sod at that spot should be lifted, fresh earth inserted to the 
proper grade and the sod replaced, watered and rolled till level 
and flat again. 

Bad spots are often found where the grass is thin or where 
malignant weeds obstruct its growth, and in- this case fresh sods 
should be bought or cut elsewhere and substituted. Sometimes 



si'AT.DiNC's A'l'iir.K'rir i.inuAijv. 139 

large patches of ground must be renewed in this way, but it will 
be found much less expensive if all the turf is bad to sow the 
new court down with lawn seeds, and seeds will often help out 
thin spots in the grass if the court is not to be used too soon after 
the sowing. It. is better to make a grass court in the fall 
whether it is to be sown with seed or sodded. The winter storms 
will then settle it thoroughly, and after a little releveling in the 
spring it will be ready for use.. 

Grass seeds should be sown between the middle of March and 
the first of Ma}^ or better yet, in the autumn, between the middle 
of August and the first of October. It takes about 20 pecks of 
good lawn seed to cover a space 60 by 120 feet. The sowing 
should be gone over twice, the second time at right angles to 
the first. Clover seeds should be avoided, as this grass does 
not wear well, and guano should not be used for fertilizing, for 
it tends to bring up coarse blades in patches. 

As soon as the young grass is high enough to be topped, a 
scythe or sickle should be used, being at first better than the 
mowing machine. After the new grass is well hardened, how- 
ever, the latter should be constantly in use, never less than once 
a week, and in moist warm weather nearly every day. With every 
precaution w-eeds are sure to appear, but these can generally be 
held in check by constant mowing. The more formidable weeds, 
however, must be cut with a knife one by one| about an inch be- 
low the surface, and care being taken to remove as much of the 
root as possible. A pinch of salt dropped on the cut root will 
generally stop the growth. When the turf becomes worn in spots 
a small shift in the lines of the court will relieve the pressure 
and enable the grass to grow again ; at the end of the season 
all of the bare patches should be resown. 

There are several other kinds of courts sometimes built when 
turf cannot be had. Cinders, clay, concrete, cement and asphalt 
are also sometimes used, while board courts are built under cover 
for winter use. 

Concrete and cement are open to many objections. They are 
very hard on the eyes and legs, and often make the player's feet 
sore; the surface generally wears out the balls and shoes 



140 SI'ALI)IN<r.>^ ATIII.KTIC I.IT'.U ATt Y. 

quickly, and it is also liable to crack with frost. Cinder courts 
are cheap and easy to construct, but the surface is so gritty that 
it burns the feet of the players and soon uses up the balls. They 
are also very dirty. Asphalt courts are expensive and much 
affected by heat and cold, sometimes even cracking with the frost. 
In Australia courts have been made of cracked blue-stone, while 
a cheaper substitute has been found in England in what is called 
a brick rubble court. 

Once the court is finally built and ready for use, it must be 
properly marked out. In every case, unless it be of grass, and the 
lines are to be constantly shifted to prevent bare spots, net-posts 
should be permanently sunk in the ground. They should be 
not less than two feet under the ground nor forty feet apart. 

A good dirt court should be swept, watered, rolled and freshly 
marked out after every eight or ten sets of play, and oftener 
in very dry weather. Instantly a depression is discovered it 
should be filled in and rolled down before playing is continued, 
for it is almost as dangerous for the players as the court to con- 
tinue with it uneven. A court should never be rolled in the con- 
dition the players leave it after play. A pla3'er's heel raises a 
little lump; if the roller goes over this before it is swept down 
even again, a hard ridge results and the ball will bound unevenly 
from it. It should be swept over first, until all the lumps are 
leveled down, before the roller is allowed on its surface. 

One of the best sweepers is made of a heavy joist of wood 
with a dozen thicknesses of old jute bagging or coarse cloth 
frayed out at the bottom edges, fastened to its bottom- and 
trailing on behind it. This should be drawn over the court 
w^ith a handle or rope several times. If it is pushed, the grounds- 
man's feet will leave tracks after it ; if he goes ahead the sweeper 
will erase them. Before/ the lines are marked out fresh, the old 
ones should always be swept off with a broom, but if the broom 
is constantly used along the lines in a parallel direction, it will 
gradually wear away little grooves in the court where the lines 
are and the balls will bound improperly from them. The sweep- 
ing should be done lightly across the court, at right angles with 
the lines. 



SPALDING'S ATlIT.ETir LTBRAKY. 141 

A grass court cannot have too much care. It is advisable to 
wet it thoroughly several times a week and roll it as often. It 
should be watered at night, cut in the niDrning, and rolled after 
cutting and before watering. The best wa\- to repair a bare strip 
of ground is to la}' fresh turf, and this should be done in the fall 
or as early as possible in the spring. Good tough turf, laid in 
February or early in March, will be fit for use by the first of 
June. In the early spring grass roots both in new turf and old 
may be greatly benefited by a good dressing of manure well 
worked in, but regular manuring should also be done in the fall. 

Worm casts are very bad for good tennis turf. Particularly in 
fertile ground or after a storm, the) little mounds will appear on 
the sod, and if the roller passes over them or they are trodden 
down little hard lumps are formed which spoil the surface of the 
court. The turf should always be swept before rolling, and in 
rich soil every morning. This scatters the mounds effectually. 
Where it is necessary to get rid of the worms, lime water should 
be sprinkled on the ground. They will then come to the surface 
and can be swept away. 

When a horse mowing machine is used it is well to have the 
horse's hoofs covered with soft pads to prevent their cutting into 
the turf and leaving prints that affect the bound of the ball. The 
groundsman at work on good lawn tennis courts, particularly 
when the tur^ is soft, and always on a sand court, should be re- 
quired to wear rubber-soled shoes without heels. 



BOARD COURTS. 
In regard to board courts, it is in the first place essential that 
they should be firm and yet springy and made as near the ground, 
if out of doors (which seems to be the popular method at the 
present time), as possible. The foundation of a wooden court 
should be of heavy beams, sufficiently so to prevent all bending 
or giving. The boards laid on the same should be not less than 
11% inch in thickness in order to obtain the best results, and if 
a wooden playing surface is desired, the boards should be laid % 
inch apart, which will permit rapid drainage, and after having 



142 gll'AI>IllN«;'S A'niJjri'lC l.ir.UAKY. 

been laid, same should be painted green with white marking lines. 
The best playing surface is secured by having a flap of heavy 
canvas made by a sailmaker, which will be of sufficient size to 
not only cover the court, but also extend at least lo feet out- 
side the boundaries of same. This canvas should be stretched 
by method of rope passing through eyelets, with pulleys at each 
corner of the court, by means of which the rope can be constant- 
ly kept tight. After the canvas .has been laid and properly 




stretched, it should be painted a grass green, upon which white 
marking lines i^ inch in width can be made. A canvas cover- 
ing such as this is of some considerable expense, but with proper 
care, that is, painting same sufficiently often during the winter 
season and storing same carefully during the hot months, it 
should last for some years. Wooden courts for inside play, that 
is, covered courts, should be laid whenever possible on wooden 
beams, so as to get some slight spring, and not on, iron or con- 
crete, which will render them so dead as to make it exceedingly 
hard for the players' feet. 



Sl'ALl>I.\t;S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



143 



INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAYING OUT A 
BASE BALL DIAMOND 

Many who have the avaikihle space hesitate about laying out 
a base ball diamond because they imagine the equipment is 
expensive. Others think that the grounds are hard to keep in 
good condition. As a matter of fact, the equipment is compara- 
tivel}^ inexpensive and when the grounds are once put in condition 
at the beginning of the season the players themselves will do 
most whatever else is necessary to keep them in good shape. 

DLVCRAM OK A I'.ASE 15ALL DIAMOND. 




First— Select a level stretch of ground, as free from stones, 
hills and hollows as possible and at least 300 feet square. If 
the ground is well grassed over, so much the better. 



144 SI'ALDIXCS ATHLETIC LIHHAKY. 

Second — With a steel tape measure lay out the base lines and 
place the home plate and pitcher's box as shown in the diagram. 
If it is possible to do so, have the home plate due north and 
the pitcher's box due south. 

Third — Remove the sod from the base lines between the 
home plate and first and third bases. Remiove the sod from 
around the pitcher's box. Fill in the base lines and pitcher's 
box with soil and level down solid. 

Fourth — Put up a backstop 90 feet behind home plate and 8 
feet high and if you have plenty of time and timber it doesn't 
hurt to have a small grand stand with seats which need not have 
backs, nor be made of planed boards. Don't put the stand or 
stands too close, give the catcher at least 50 feet on either side 
to handle foul flies and wild throws. Build a players' bench. 

FiftJi — Get the equipment for the diamond and players from 
A. G. Spalding & liros. See Spalding Complete Catalogue and 
Special List of P>ase Hall Goods. A copy of "How to Play 
Base Ball" or a copy of the Spalding Official Base Ball Guide, 
giving all rules and much valuable information, sent postpaid to 
any address upon receipt of 10 cents. 



.si'ALDiNcrs ATiii>i;ric i.ibkauy. 145 

INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAYING OUT A 
BASKET BALL COURT 

Basket Ball is a game that is becoming more popular each 
season, is being generally played all over the country and is fast 
becoming the popular American indoor athletic game just as 
Base Ball is for outdoors. This game is played mostly indoors. 
Any fair sized hall will do and the only preparation necessary 
for the game is to put up the goals at either end of the hall 
and to chalk out the court lines on the floor. This game may 
be played on wet days or on an off night when there is to be 
no dancing in the hall. Games can also be arranged between 
girls' teams. Only live players are necessary on each side. 




First — Be sure that there are no dangerous obstructions on 
the floor with which players might collide while playing. 

Second — Remove all chairs, settees, etc., from the space on 
the floor given up to the game and mark out the court as shown 
on diagram. 

Third — Give the referee entire charge of the floor and keep 
spectators back from lines of the court. 

Fourth — See that the players are dressed in a becoming 
manner. 

Fifth — Use Spalding equipment, which is correct in every par- 
ticular and will satisfy your guests. A copy of the Spalding 
Official Basket Ball Guide or of the Spalding Athletic Library, 
No. 193, "How to Play Basket Ball," sent to any address post- 
paid on receipt of 10 cents. These books should be in the hands 
of everyone interested in this game. 



146 



81'ALDINGS ATnL;::TIC LIBKAKY, 



HOW TO LAY OUT AN ATHLETIC TRACK 
ON A BASE BALL F ELD 

BY ]■'. W. KTBIEN. C. E., NEW YORK. 
^^ 125' 10" ^- . Mea. 




125' lO* 

'l"o stake oiii a six-lap running track on a base ball field 
liaving a regulation diamond, proceed as follows — find the center 
of diamond, "A," by measuring a distance of 63 feet 7% inches 
on a line from home plate to second base. Prolong this line 62 
feet 2% inches beyond second base to the point "B." The points 
"A" and "B" are the centers of the curves and are 125 feet 10 
inches apart. Using these points as centers and with a radius of 
98 feet 6 inches, describe semicircles with a steel tape and every 
few feet apart set stakes or small flags to mark the line of the 
curb of the track. This curb may be whitewasli^d in addition to 
setting flags upon it. From pointy on the line between first and 
third bases, stake out the tangents, 125 ft. 10 inches in length. 
Measurements on running tracks arc taken on a line I foot 6 
inches outside of and concentric with the curb. 



SrALDIiNGS ATHLETIC LIBKAJtY. 147 



SUGGESTED FORM OF CONSTITUTION 

FOR LOCAL PLAYGROUND 

ASSOCIATIONS 



CONSTITUTION OF THE PLAYGROUND 

ASSOCIATION. 

ARTICLE I. 

NAME. 

Section i. The name of this Association shall be the 

Playground Association. 



ARTICLE II. 

PURPOSE. 

Section i. The purpose of this Association shall 1)2 to pro- 
mote the playground movement in , to guide its develop- 
ment and extension along right lines, to secure the necessary 
publicity through the press, and to undertake and carry on new 
features of the work until such time as the city may be ready to 
take charge of them. 

ARTICLE in. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Section i. There shall be five classes of membership in this 
association : 

First. — Associate Members: Associate members shall consist 
of such members as contribute annually $i.oo or more to the 
Association. 

Second. — Active Members: Active Members shall consist of 
such members as contribute annually $5.00 or more to the Asso- 
ciation. 

Third. — Sustai)iiii<j Members: Sustaining Members shall con- 



148 SPALDING'S ATIII.ETK" T.1I5KAUY. 

sist of such persons as contribute annually $25.00 or more to 
the Association. 

Fourth. — Life Members: Life Members shall consist of such 
persons as contribute $100.00 or more to the Association. 

Fifth. — Honorary Members: Honorary Members shall consist 
of such persons as shall be elected to this position by the Asso- 
ciation. 

Sec. 2. All members shall have the right to vote and hold 
office in the Association. 

ARTICLE IV. 

OFFICERS. 

Section i. The officers of this Association shall be the Presi- 
dent. First, Second, Third and Fourth Vice-Presidents, Secretary 
and Treasurer. 

Sec. 2. The duties of these officers shall be as usually apper- 
tain to these positions. 

ARTICLE V. 

B0.\RD OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Section i. The general control of all matters of the Associa- 
tion shall be vested in a Board of Directors, which shall consist 
of such members, not to exceed thirty in all. as shall be elected 
by the Association at the annual meeting. 

Sec 2. The members of the first Board of Directors shall be 
divided into three groups by lot. the first group to hold office one 
year, the second two years, and the third three years. 

Sec 3. The Board of Directors shall elect the officers. 

Sec 4. Vacancies on the Board may be filled at any time by 
a two-thirds vote of the Board. 

Sec 5. The Board shall elect an Executive Committee, con- 
sisting of the President. Secretary. Treasurer, and two other 
members. 

Sec 6. The Executive Committee shall meet each month and 
shall transact all business in the interval between the meetings 
of the Board of Directors. 

Sec 7. The Executive Committee shall appoint a Supervisor 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 149 

who shall be the general executive officer in carrying out the 
work of the Association. 

Sec. 8. The Executive Committee shall elect its own chairman. 

ARTICLE VI. 

SPECIAL COMMITTEES. 

Section i. The Executive Committee shall appoint the follow- 
ing committees each year, and each consisting of five members : 
A Finance Committee and a Nominating Committee. 

Sec. 2. Besides these the Executive Committee may appoint 
each year a School Board Committee, Reservation and Parks 
Committee Woman's Clubs Committee, Citizen's Association 
Committee, Athletic Committee, Trades Unions Committee, Press 
Committee, Recreation Center Committee, and such other com- 
mittees as the Board of Directors shall deem necessary. 

Sec. 3. The chairman of each committee mentioned in Section 
2 shall have the power to nominate to the Executive Committee 
new members for his committee up to the number of fifteen, pro- 
vided that these nominees shall be or become members of the 
Playground Association. 

Sec. 4. The Chairman of each committee shall appoint a Sec- 
retary of the committee who shall keep such a record of the 
proceedings as it may deem necessary. 

Sec. 5. The Supervisor shall be an ex-oMcio member of all 
committees. 

ARTICLE VII. 
duties of committees. 

The duties of the committees shall be as follows : 

Section i. Finance Committee : The Finance Committee shall 
determine the financial policy of the Association. In conjunction 
with the Supervisor of Playgrounds, they shall each year make 
up a budget of necessary expenses and seek to secure the neces- 
sary funds. ^ 

Sec. 2. Nominating Committee: The Nominating Committee 
shall investigate all applications for positions in the playgrounds 
and recreation centers, and. in conjunction with the Supervisor, 



150 SI'ALDINOS ATIILKTK^ T.IP.KAKY. 

shall nominate the chosen ones to the Executive Committee or 
the School Board. 

Sec. 3. School Board Committee: The School Board Com- 
mittee shall seek to further the interest of the school playgrounds 
and recreation centers, and to secure such concessions and assist- 
ance from the Board as may seem wise. They shall serve as 
intermediaries for all dealings between the Board and the Play- 
ground Association. 

Sec. 4. Reservations and Parks Committee : The Reservations 
and Parks Committee shall seek to secure more extensive use of 
the parks and reservations for playground purposes. It shall 
serve as intermediary between the park authorities and the Play- 
ground xAssociation. 

Sec. 5. Woman's Clubs Committee: The Woman's Clubs 
Committee shall seek to enlist the interest of the Woman's 
Clubs in the playground movement and secure their co-operation 
in getting appropriations, raising money, or giving entertainments. 

Sec. 6. Associations Committee : The Associations Committee 
shall seek to enlist the interest of the various Citizens' Associa- 
tions in the playgrounds and secure their co-operation in getting 
appropriations and in the extension of the movement. 

Sec. 7. Athletic Committee : The Athletic Committee shall 
seek to furnish officials for dual meets and tournaments, assist 
in raising money for banners and medals, and. in general, to 
enlist the interest and co-operation of the various athletic bodies 
of the city. 

Sec. 8. Trades Unions Committee : The Trades Unions Com- 
mittee shall seek to interest the trades unions in the playground 
movement and to gain their co-operation in securing appropria- 
tions and raising funds. 

Sec. (j. Press Committee : The Press Committee shall seek 
to elicit the co-operation of the press of the city in securing 
appropriations, raising funds and maintaining popular interest 
in the work of the Playground Association. 

Sec. 10. Recreation Center Committee: The Recreation Cen- 
ter Committee shall seek to further the work of establishing and 
successfully maintaining the work of the evening recreation 



SPALDiXG's ATriLrrnr i.ip.r:.\iiv. 151 

centers in connection with the schools. In consultation with the 
Supervisor of Playgrounds, it shall determine the policy to be 
pursued and see that it is adequately carried out 

ARTICLE VIII. 

MEETINGS. 

Section t. The annual meeting of the Association shall be 
held on the day of . Such meetings shall be 

announced in the daily newspapers published in the city, and all 
members shall be notified by mail two weeks in advance. 

Sec. 2. At the annual meeting the President, Secretary, 
Supervisor and Chairman of each committee shall give reports. 

Sec. 3. All meetings of the Association shall be held at such 
times as the Executive Committee shall deem necessary, or may 
be called by the President at the request of ten or more members. 

Sec. 4. The Board of Directors shall meet annually immedi- 
ately following the annual meeting of the Association, or, in case 
of emergency, at the call of the President. 

Sec. 5. The Executive Committee shall meet each month. 

Sec. 6. Other committees shall meet at the call of the chair- 
man. 

ARTICLE IX. 

QUORUMS. 

Section i. members shall constitute a quorum at any 

regular meeting of the Association. 

Sec. 2. One-fourth of the members of the Board of Directors 
and of each committee shall constitute a quorum of that Board 
or Committee, except that the quorum of any committee shall 
never be less than two, or, in a committee of five or more, less 
than three of its members. 

ARTICLE X. 
amendments. 
Section i. This Constitution may be amended by a two-thirds 
vote of the members present at any regular meeting of the Asso- 
ciation, provided that notice of the amendments must be given 
by mail at the time of calling the meeting. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBEABY. 




What an Athlete Needs 

It is very important 
that the beginner in 
athletics should know 
what to wear for the dif- 
ferent sports. Tiie cross 
country runner requires 
a shoe with a low, broad 
heel, and spikes in sole of 
shoe; he can have spikes 
in the heel or not, just 
as it suits him, A pair 
of Spalding's No. 14-C 
shoes, which are made of 
the finest kangaroo 
leather, and used by all 
the prominent cross- 
country runners, cost 
Spalding Cross Country Shoe No. 14C. $6.00 p e r pair. A 

sprinter will require a pair of sprinting shoes, No. 2-0, that cost 
$6.00. The sweater. No. A, of finest Australian lamb's wool, 
was made originally by special order for the Yale foot ball team 
and now used by all college athletes, is one of the best in the 
market, sells for $6.00; athletic shirt. No. 600, at $1.25; athletic 
pants, No. 3, at 75 cents; 
a supporter is very 
essential for an athlete 
and nearly all the cham- 
pions use them; No. 5 is 
the most suitable one and 
retails at 75 cents; a pair 
of corks will cost the 
athlete 15 cents; pushers 
for the running shoes, 
25 cents; the bath robe is 
now an essential part of 
an athlete's outfit — these 
cost from $2.50 up. 

The second quality of 
the same line of goods 
can be bought as fol- 
lows: Sprinting shoes, No. 10, $5.00; sweater, No. B, $5.00; 
shirt, N0.6E, 50 cents; pants. No. 4, 50 cents; supporter, No. ']2, 
50 cents; corks. No. i, 15 cents; pushers. No. 5, 25 cents; bath 
robe, from $2.50 up. 



Spalding 
Running 
Shoe No. 2-0 




SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



The pole-vaulter will want the same outfit, with the exception 
of a pair of jumping shoes, No. 14-H, which sell for $6.00, and a 
pair of wrist supporters, No. 200, which can be bought for 40 
cents. There is one article that a pole vaulter must have, and 
that is his own pole. There is everything in getting used to a 
pole and having confidence in the one that is yours, because 
no other contestant is 
allowed to use it, accord- 
ing to the rules, which 
is quite right, for it 
has often occurred where 
a pole-vaulter made the 
mistake of allowing much 
heavier men to use his 
pole and break it. Any 
one can naturally under- 
stand that a man who 
weighs 160 pounds cannot 
use a pole designed for a 
man weighing 115 pounds. 
The pole now most com- 
monly used is the Spald- 
ing Bamboo Pole. The 

lO-foot lengths cost Spalding Jumping and Hurdling Shoe No. 14H 
$4.00, i2-foot $4.50, and 

the 14 and 16-foot lengths, $5.00. Usually the vaulter will wrap 
the pole to suit his own tastes. For those who prefer the spruce 
poles, they come in 14-foot lengths at $6.00 each and 16-foot 
lengths at $7.00. The greatest care is exercised in making 
these poles and only the most perfect and thoroughly seasoned 
pieces of spruce are used. All of this goes to make them what 
we claim to be — the only poles really fit and safe for an athlete 
to use. 

The high jumper and the broad jumper will want an outfit as fol- 
lows: Jumping shoes, No. 14-H, $6.00; sweater. No. A, $6.00; shirt. 
No. 600, $1.25; pants, No. 3, ys cents; supporter, No. 5, 75 cents; 
corks, No. I, 15 cents; pushers, No. 5, 25 cents; bath robe, from 
$2.50 up. 

An outfit with several of the articles of a cheaper grade than the 
above, costs: Jumping shoes, No. 14-J, $4.50; sweater, No. B, 
$5.00; shirt, No. 6-E, 50 cents; pants, No. 4, 50 cents; supporter. 
No. 2, 50 cents; corks, No. i, 15 cents; pushers. No. 5, 25 cents; 
bath robe, from $2.50 up. 

For the runner who wishes to pay less than the previous prices 
quoted (Nos. 2-0 and 10 are hand made), Spalding's make two 
styles of machine-made shoes which will give good service. They 




SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBBABI. 

Are catalogued as No. iiT, at $4.00, and No. 11 at $3.00 per pair. 
F'or the schoolboy they make up especially No. 12, complete with 
spikes, in sizes 12 to 5 only, for $2.50 per pair. 

Indoor shoes require a little different construction from outdoor, 
Spalding's No. iii, made of fine leather, rubber tipped sole, with 
spikes, cost $4.00 per pair. No. 112, without spikes, but with 
special corrugated rubber tap sole, costs $3.00, while there is still 
another quality, No. 114, at $2.50 per pair. The boys' special 
shoe, in sizes 12 to 5 only, without spikes, cost $2.00 per pair. 
Indoor jumping shoes, No. 210, cost $5.00 per pair. 

For the long distance runner Spalding makes a line of shoes 
known as the "Marathon," finished inside so as not to hurt the 
feet in a long race. They are hand sewed and cost $5.00 per 
pair, in either high cut or low cut. 

The walking event in an athletic competition requires a low 
cut shoe of light but strong leather, and should not have spikes, 
as the latter have a tendency to bring the walker on his toes, 
thereby causing him to walk unfairly and subject himself to dis- 
qualification. Spalding's Olympic walking shoe. No. 14W, is 
made of finest kangaroo leather and costs $6.00 per pair. 

The man who throws the weights will require the same wear- 
ing apparel as the pole-vaulter or the runner. John Flanagan 
and James Mitchel, two of the greatest weight throwers in the 
world, and Martin Sheridan, the all-around champion of America, 
wear what is known as the No. 14-H shoe, with a short spike, 
which retails for $6.00. It is very essential that the weight thrower 
and the discus thrower should have his own implements; in fact 
nearly all the champion weight throwers carry their own weights 
with them and guard them jealously. 

Without doubt the best hammer in the market to-day is the 
ball-bearing championship hammer as designed and used by John 
Flanagan, the record holder and champion thrower of the world. 
This sells for $5.50. An extra leather case for carrying these ham- 
mers will cost the athlete $2,00. The regulation hammer, lead, 
you can get for $5.00 and the iron at $3.75. The 56-lb. weight, lead, 
will cost $12.00. A weight thrower who wants to become expert 
should carry his own weights and particularly his own hammer. 
He can then arrange to have the grip made to suit himself, and 
when necessary to cover it with leather, and he will not be called 
upon when he goes to a competition to take the ordinary ham- 
mer with a handle with which he is not familiar. The i6-lb. shot, 
lead, will cost $3.50, and the iron, $1.75. 

As these weights, however, are too heavy for the youthful 
athlete, the Spalding 5-lb. shot for schoolboy use has been devised, 
and has met with the instant approval of leading athletic authori- 
ties and been endorsed by the Public Schools Athletic League. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

It is made in the most thorough manner and will stand any 
amount of use. Two styles are made, one for indoor the other 
for outdoor use. For use in schoolyard playgrounds, or where it 
is desirable to have the shot roll only a short distance, the No. 5 
lead shot, covered with special reinforced and cushioned leather, 
is recommended; price $5.00. This shot will not lose weight, 
even after considerable use, and its construction renders it specially 
adapted to board floors, as the latter will not sustain any injury 
from the shot striking it, as would be the case if the unprotected 
solid style were used. However, for those who prefer the un- 
covered solid iron shot, that style is also made in the 5-lb. weight, 
and costs $1.00. An8-lb. shot is also made for juvenile use; in lead, 
leather covered, it costs $5.00, and in solid iron, not covered, $1 .25. 

Owing to the interest in the Olympic Games since their re- 
vival at Athens in 1896, and the capture of the classical Greek 
event by Americans, first by Robert Garrett in 1896 and sub- 
sequently by Martin Sheridan, an athletic meeting is not con- 
sidered complete now without that event on the programme. 
The Spalding Official Discus costs $5.00. For schoolboy events 
the proper discus, as officially adopted by the Public Schools 
Athletic League, is the "Youths' Discus," and costs $4.00. 

An event that has come into prominence is throwing the javelin, 
which was a feature at the Olympic Games and is very popular in 
Sweden, and is also now included in the A. A. U. programme. It 
necessarily requires plenty of space. The winner at the Olympic 
Games in London in 1908 was Lem-ming of Sweden, who also 
carried off the prize at Athens in 1906. His distance at London 
was 179 feet lo'^ inches. The Spalding javelin, made in correct 
length, weight and balance, steel shod, costs 5^5. 00 each. 

Two events that always attract interest at an athletic meet, 
usually when held indoors, are the three-legged race and the sack 
race. In the former the two contestants have their adjoining 
legs fastened together by means of straps at the thigh and ankle, 
leaving the other leg of each free. These straps preclude the 
possibility of falling or coming undone in the contest. Ankle 
straps and thigh straps, complete, cost $2.50. 

For sack racing, a light but strong bag. but not too large, is 
necessary. Spalding makes a bag of burlap, with draw strings 
and reinforced at the bottom, where the wear comes, with a 
strong piece of canvas. These cost $1.00 for boys' size and $1.50 
for men's size and will last indefinitely. A boy who goes in for 
this event, should by all means have his own bag, to accustom 
himself to its use. 

Every athlete has heard of IMike Murphy, the famous trainer of 
the University of Pennsylvania, formerly of Yale, and the won- 
derful qualities he can develop in an athlete. He is famous for the 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

perfect condition in which he brings his charges into a contest 
and the ingredients and method of preparation of his "Rub In" 
liniment have been a closely guarded secret. He has now turned 
the formula over to A. G. Spalding & Bros., knowing that it will 
be prepared in the same careful manner as if he compounded it 
himself. Small bottles cost 25 cents and large ones 50 cents. 
Every athlete should keep a bottle always at hand. 

Clubs or schools outfitting their athletes would do well to 
secure Spalding's combination prices on athletic apparel, which 
are quoted on lots of six or more suits. They represent a 
material reduction from the cost when individual articles are 
purchased separately. A letter to any Spalding store (see inside 
of front cover for one nearest to you) will bring a catalogue and 
full information by return mail. 

Athletes should make it a point to have two suits of athletic 
apparel, one for competition and one for practice purposes. The 
clothing that some of our crack athletes wear in competition is a 
disgrace to athletics, and it adds a great deal to an athlete's ap- 
pearance to appear neat and clean when taking part in athletic 
competition. In practice within one's club or grounds almost any 
kind of clothing can be used. A sprinter should have two pairs 
of running shoes, one a very heavy pair for practicing in (the 
cross-country shoe. No. 14-C, makes a very good shoe for this 
purpose, and can be had with or without spikes on heels), and a 
light pair for racing. One of the best professional sprinters that 
ever wore a shoe made it a point to train for all his races in very 
heavy sprmting shoes. Aside from the benefit that is clamied 
for practicing in heavy shoes, you always feel as though you have a 
pair of shoes that will be ready for any race that is scheduled, and 
Ijear in mind it does not pay to buy athletic implements or 
clothing that are cheap. They don't wear and cannot give you 
the service that you will get from articles that are official and 
made by a reputable house. 

No athletic contest can be successfully held unless the com- 
petitors have numbers that can be easily distinguished, not only 
by the officials, but l)y the spectators. The price of Spalding 
numbers, on strong manila paper, is so cheap that the manage- 
ment of any set of games can afford to get them. They cost 25 
cents for a set of numbers from i to 50, and at the same rate in 
sets of 75, TOO, 150, 200. 300. etc., up to 2,000. 

The formation of Public Schools Athletic Leagues and the 
L;reat interest now taken in athletics in the schools has led to the 
compilation, by Mr. J. E. Sullivan, secretary-treasurer of the 
Amateur Athletic Union and member of the Board of Education 
of Greater New York, of a book entitled "Schoolyard Athletics," 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

which is published in Spalding's Athletic Library, price lo cents. 
It is designed for the use of both teacher and pupil and is written 
in a clear and concise style that will make it invaluable to all who 
are interested in that branch of physical training now distinctively 
classified as "athletics." 

The great interest now taken in athletics for girls has led to 
the publication of "Girls' Athletics" in the Spalding Athletic 
Library Series. It is edited by Miss Jessie H. Bancroft, Assist- 
ant Director Physical Training Public Schools of Greater New 
York, and contains much matter of interest, and directions for 
numerous games suitable for the playground. Price lo cents. 

An athlete, or follower of athletics, cannot afford to be without 
a copy of Spalding's Athletic Almanac, which is published in Jan- 
uary of each year. It contains all the authentic records of track 
and field events and swimming that are the best on record, col- 
legiate events, foreign records and pictures of leading athletes 
and prominent athletic teams. It is No. 12 of Spalding's Athletic 
Library and costs 10 cents, postpaid. 

The foregoing description and prices form but a small portion 
of the complete list of goods in the Spalding catalogue, which 
contains pictures and prices of everything that an athlete wears 
or uses. This catalogue will be sent free to any address on re- 
quest to a Spalding store, a list of which can be found on inside 
front cover of this book. 



OFFICIAL RULES FO R ALL ATHLETIC SPORTS. ' 

The following list contains the Group and the Number of the book of 
Spalding's Athletic Library in which the rules wanted are contained. Se« 
front pages of book for complete list of Spalding's Athletic Library. 



Event. 



All-Round Athletic Cham- 
pionship 

A. A. U. Athletic Rules 

A. A. U, Boxing Rules 

A. A. U. Gymnastic Rules. . 
A. A. U. Water Polo Rules. 
A. A. U. Wrestling Rules. . . 

Archery 

Badminton 

Base Ball 

Indoor 

Basket Ball, Official 

Collegiate 

Women's „ 

Water 

Basket Goal 

Bat Ball 

Betting 

Bowling 

Boxing— A. A. U., Marquis 

of Queensbury, London 

Prize Ring 

Broadsword (mounted) 

Caledonian Games 

Canoeing 

Children's Games 

Court Tennis 

Cricket 

Croquet 

Curling 

Dog Racing 

Fencing 

Foot Ball 

Code of Rules 

Association (Soccer) 

English Rugby 

Canadian 

Golf 

Golf-Croquet 

Hand Ball 

Hand Polo 

Hand Tennis 

Hitch and Kick 

Hockey. 

Ice 

Field 

Garden 

Lawn 

Parlor 

Ring 

Ontario Hockey Aas'n 

Indoor Base Ball 

Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. . 

I.-C. Gymnastic Ass'n 

Lacrosse 

U. S. L-C. Lacrosse League 



p. 




3 

8 


No. 


o 




12 


182 


12 


311 


12 


311 


12 


311 


12 


311 


12 


311 


n 


248 


11 


188 


1 


1 


9 


9 


7 


7 


7 


312 


7 


318 


12 


55 


6 


188 


12 


55 


12 


55 


8 


8 


14 


162 


12 


55 


12 


55 


13 


23 


n 


189 


11 


194 


3 


3 


11 


138 


11 


14 


12 


55 


14 


165 


2 


2 


2 


334 


2 


2a 


12 


55 


2 


332 


5 


5 


6 


188 


11 


13 


10 


188 


11 


194 


12 


55 


6 


304 


6 


6 


6 


154 


6 


188 


6 


188 


6 


188 


la 


55 


6 


256 


9 


9 


12 


307 


15 


333 


11 


201 


11 


337 



Event. 



Lawn Bowls 

Lawn Games 

Lawn Tennis 

Obstacle Races 

Olympic Game Events — Mar- 
athon Race, Stone Throw- 
ing with Impetus, Spear 
Throwing, HellenicMethod 
of Throwing Discus, Dis- 
cus,GreekStylef or Youths 

Pigeon Flying 

Pin Ball 

Playground Ball 

Polo (Equestrian) 

Polo, Rugby 

Polo, Water (A. A. U.) 

Potato Racing , . 

Professional Racing, Shef- 
field Rules 

Public Schools Athletic 

League Athletic Rules 

Girls' Branch; including 
Rules for School Games . 

Push Ball 

Push Ball. Water 

Quoits 

Racquets 

Revolver Shooting 

Ring Hockey 

Roller Polo 

Roller Skating Rink 

Roque 

Rowing 

Sack Racing 

Shuffleboard 

Skating 

Skittles 

Snowshoeing 

Squash Racquets 

Swimming 

Tether Tennis 

Three- Legged Race 

Volley Ball 

Wall Scaling 

Walking 

Water Polo (American) 

Water Polo (English) ! 

Wicket Polo 

Wrestling 

Y. M. C. A. All-Round Test. 

Y. M. C. A. Athletic Rules. . 

Y. M. C. A. Hand Ball Rules. 

Y.M.C.A. Pentathlon Rules. 

Y.M.C. A. Volley Ball Rules. 



SSUHE SPALDING 



TRADE-MAI«(TuAm 











Spalding Long Distance Running Shoes 







No.MH. High cut. Corrugated tap rub- 
ber sole and cushioned leather heel; spe- 
cial quality black leather uppers. Full fin- 
ished inside so as not to hurt the feet in 
a long race. Hand sewed. Pair, S5.00 




Made to stand up under 
unusual conditions — 
bad roads, rough, hilly 
and uneven, macadam, 
dirt, asphalt, brick or 
wood. Made after sug- 
gestions of men who are 
competing in long dis- 
tance races continually 
under every conceiv- 
able condition. 




No. MO. Low cut. Corrugated tap nib* 
ber sole and cushioned leather heel; spe- 
cial quality black leather uppers. Full fin- 
ished inside so as not to hurt the feet in 
alongrace. Hand sewed Pair, $5.00 



Built to "win. The same models as used by many of the competitors in the famous \'^JM€teat>t:tv races 
at the 1908 Olympic Games, London, and in the most important distance races in this country since then. 



Spalding Cross Country, Jumping and Hurdling Shoes 




No. 14C 



No. I 4C. Crosscountry Shoe, tinest 
Xangaroo leather; low broad heel, 
lexible shank, hand sewed, six 
spikes on sole; with or without 
spiW" - v^^i Pornair S6 CO 



No. i 4H. .j'unii'iriK aiiu iiunliing 
Shoe; fine Kangaroo leather, hand- 
made, specially stiffened sole; spikes 
in heel placedaccordingtolatest ideas 
t/^ !t<iRist inmnor Pofr 9;fi.OO 



No. I 4j. Calfskin Jumping Shoe, 
partly machine-made; low broad 
heel; spikes correctly placed. Satis- 
factory quality and very durable. 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICiTIONS 

AODRESSEDTOUS 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOH 



"Prica in <fecl July 5. 1910. Subjecl to Jiange Mlhoul notice. Fat Canadian ptica tec ifitcial Canadian Calalogut. 



StSUHE SPALDING 




Spalding 

Running Shoes 

No. 2-0. This Running 
Shoe is made of the finest 
Kangaroo leather; extreme- 
ly light and glove fitting. 
Best English steel spikes 
firmly riveted on. 

Per pair, $6.00 
No. rO. Finest Calfskin 
Running Shoe; lightweight, 
hand made, six spikes. 

Per pair, S5.00 
No. 1 IT. Calfskin, machine 
made, solid leather tap sole 
holds spikes firmly in place. 

Per pair, $4.00 
No: I I . Calfskin, machine 
made Per pair. $3.00 

Juvenile 
Running Shoes 

No. 1 2. Outdoor Leather 
Running Shoes, complete 
with spikes, in sizes 12 to 5 
only. Per pair, S2.60 

No. I I 5. Indoor Leather 
Running Shoes, without 
spikes, in boys' sizes, 12 to 5 
inclusive, only Pair.$2»00 

Indoor 
Running Shoes 

With or Without Spil<es 
No. III. Fine leather, rub- 
ber tipped sole, with spikes. 
Per pair, S4.00 
No 112. Leather shoe, 
special corrugated rubber 
tap sole, no spikes. $3. GO 
No. 114. Leather shoe, rub- 
ber tipped, no spikes. $2. 50 

Indoor ^ 

Jumping Shoes 

With or Without Spikes 

No. 2 I O. Hand made, best 
leather, rubber soles. S5. CO 



No.N. Thick 
wood, shaped 
nnd perforated to accomodate 



Spalding Special Grips 

— With Elastic 

No. 2. Best 
quality cork 
with elastic 
bands. 
Pair. 20c. 

No. I. Athletic Grips 

Selected cork, shaped to fit 
hollow of hand. Pair. • 5o. 





Chamois Pushers 

No. 5. Fine chamois skin 
and used with running, 
walking, jumping an * 
other athletic 
shoes. 
Pair. 25c. 




PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

AOORESSEO TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER . 

OF THIS BOOK 'i 



I tfccl July 5, 1910. Subjtil lo change viUhoul notice. Ftr Canadian prices see spedal Canadian Calalogut. 



Stute THE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK TuTirf 



Combination prices will be quoted on order for one or more suits as specified. 
or around waist. 20c. per pair extra. 



Striping down sides 



SPALDING BOYS' RUNNING SUITS 



I'm 



lia 



No. IB SUIT 

Consisting of 
No. 6B Shirt. 
No. 44 BunnlDg 

Pants 

No. K Shoes. 
No. 3JB Sweat- 
er (any stock color) 

Price. If separate articles compos- 
ing outfit are purchased singly. 



^^.^^.^sAjZ^t^ ii!%^/A^^-^ 



No. 3B SUIT 

Consislma of 
No. 6E Shirt . 
No. 4 Running 

Pants 

No. 12 Running 

, ,.^_ Shoes, sizes I 

6. with spikfs for outdoor 

running 

No. 3JB Sweater (any stock color) 
Price, if separate articles compos- 



ing outfit are purchased slngjy. . $6.5( 



No. 5B SUIT 

Consisting o/ 
No. 6E Shirt . 
No. 4 Running 

Pants 

No. 12 Running 
Shoes, with 
spikes, for outdoor running . . 

No. 1 Bathrobe 

Price, If separate articles compos- 
ing outfit are purchased slng^. . J 





No. 2B SUIT 

Cons\st\ng of 

No. 6E Shirt . 

No 44 Running 
Pants 

No. K Shoes . 

No. 1 Bathrobe 
articles compos- 



purchased slogly. 



45 

.9i> 
2.50 

1435 



No. 4B SUIT 

feCons^%t^ng of Belall 

No 6E Shirt . $ .50 
No 4 Running 



^ 



■«3=3 



No. 114 Leather 
Run'g Shoes, 



sizes 1 to 6. rubber soles, no 
spikes, for indoor running ... 

No .^JB Sweater (any stock 
color) 

Price. If separate articles compos- 
ing outfit are purchased singly. 

No. SB SUIT ^- 

Consisting of 
No. 6E Shirt.. 
No. 4 Running 

Pants 

No. U4 Leather 

._, ,_„ Run'g Shoes, 

jbber soles, no spikes; Indoor' 



2.50 



16.50 




No. 1 Bathrobe i 

Price, if separate articles compos- - 
Ing outfit are purchased singly . $( 



SPALDING MEN'S AND YOUTHS* OUTDOOR RUNNING SUITS^ 



<f2 



No. IS SUIT 

Consisting of 
No. 6E Shirt. 



Bdail 
$ .50 



No. 4 Running 

Pants 

No. K Shoes . 
Price, If separate articles compos- 
ing outfit are purchased slndy. . 



^ 



No. 2S SUIT 

Consisting of Rela'l 
No. 6E Shirt. 

white ... $ .50 
No. 4 Running 

Pants .50 

No. 11 Shoes . 3.00 

'rice, if separate articles compos- 

ing outfit are purchased singly. $4.00 



No. 3S SUIT 

«■ Consisting of 

J^^ Wrvr\ f^o 3 Running 

""^^ n>«' 1 ^^°'^ 

UU No. IIT Shoes. 
Price, if separate articles compos- 
ing outfit are purchased singhi 



MaD 

U!25 



.75 
4.00 



^.fv^^-^iv^jtiJgtA. ^ 



^J-Ao. 



SPALDING MEN'S AND YOUTHS' INDOOR RUNNING SUITS 



No. ID SUIT 

Consisting of 
No. 6E Shirt. 

white 

No. 4 Running 

Pants 

No. K Shoe. . . 
Price, If separate articles compos- 
ing outfit are purchased singly. . 



■^%\ 



No. 2D SUIT 

Consisting of Betail 
No. GE Shirt, 

white $ .50 

No. 3 "Running 

Pants 75 

No. 1 Shoes. .. 1.50 

Price, if separate articles compos- 

ing outfit are purchased singly,. . $2.75 



E?.-^* 



^ 



% 



No. 3D SUIT 

^^ Consisting of RdaQ 
BM No. 6E Shirt, 

^^ B p , white $ .50 

>^^ fflTiTA No- '* Running 

cJ=>nV\ Pa"t3 .50 

LjU No 114 Shoes. 2.50 

Price, if separate articles compos- — 

Ing outfit are purchased singly. . $3.50 



prompt attention given to 

any communications 

addre;ssed to us 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOO! 



'Piisu iri tfftcl fiily S, 191 0. Subject lo^changt icilhuul notice. For Canadian prica kc tpeciat Canadian Catalogue 



Ktute THE SPALDING 



TRADEMARK TuTilf 




SPECIAL 



As a special inducement to schoolboys who are interested 
in athletic sports, A. G. Spald- [ 



DDE 



DDE 



:nc 



ing & Bros, are now offering -ri i . ^ v i i 

*=* ° Ihese shirts are suitable 

SpaMiimg^s ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ outdoor 

E^ J. track and field use, basket 

llemeintary ball and general gymna- 

sium wear, and are made 
the same style as th< 



^^\£jaJl^lCllC ^JOlliriC ^^^^ j^y I^^j.^g athletes. 

Sizes: 26 to 30 inches, inclusive, chest measurement. 

No. 16. SPALDING'S ELEMENTARY SCHOOL <f^,g 

ATHLETIC SHIRT ^OCo 

For complete list of Athletic Goods see Spalding's Athletic Goods catalogue* 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN TO I 
^ANr COMMUNICATIONS 
^ ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



I FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
.SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
^ OF THIS BOOl 



'Priut (n tffecl fijfi 5, 1910. Sukjul It chongt wilhoul nollct- For Canadian prices see special Canadian Calalogm, 



sSbSe THE SPALDING 



7^ 



QUALITY 




SPECIAL 



Uniform with Spalding's Elementary School Athletic Shirt 
(advertised on opposite page) ^ 



lUL 



lUL 



lUL 



A. G. Spalding & Bros, offer -ri ^ . i i 

^ 1 hese pants are suitable 

SpaMflOg^S ^^' ^^^^^^ ^^^ outdoor 

E^ J, track and field use, basket 

lemieimtary ^all and general gymna- 

sium wear, and are made 



Athletic Paots^ l*' b^L^ "^tZ 

Sizes: 24 to 26 inches, inclusive, waist measurement. 



SPALDING'S ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 
ATHLETIC PANTS 



No. 17. 

For complete list of A thletic Goods see Spalding s A thletic Goods catalogue. 



PBOMPT MENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVES 

OF THIS BOOK 



I 



'PHca in tgect July 5. 1910. Subjed to change wilhoul notice. For Canadian ptica ja tptaal Canadian Colalogue. 



StKte THE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK "^Sf 




Spalding 
Olympic 
Walking 
Shoe 



Spalding's Olympic Walking Shoes are 
made from designs submitted by 
champion walkers, amateur and 
professional, and embody 
all the points necessary for 
speed and comfort. They 
are all hand made, of finest 
Kangaroo leather, by ex- 
perts who make nothing 
else but athletic shoes, and come in all sizes. 

No. 14W 

Spalding Olympic Walking Shoe 

Per pair, $5.00 




PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSEO TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



'Price} in effect July 5, 1910. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue, 





Spalding 
Tramping 
Shoe 




No healthier, invig- 
orating exercise can 
3e taken than a 
daily or a weekly 
tramp through the 
30untry, but to en- 
oy it thoroughly 
%e feet should be 
Droperly shod. The Spalding Tramping Shoe 



has 



Deen designed from models and suggestions furnished 
ay men who have pursued the pastime for years, and 
vill be found thoroughly suitable for the usage to 
vhich they are subjected. 

Spalding Tramping Shoe. Per pair, $5.50 



PROMPT mENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS eOOK 



•Pricti in tfftel July 5, 1910. Subject lo change without notice For Canadian prion see speaat Canadian Catalogue. 



sSte THE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK '^rr.lf 



SPALDING CHAMPIONSHIP HAMMER 

with Ball Bearing Swivel 

The Spalding Championship Ball Bearing Hammer, 
originally designed by John Flanagan, has been 
highly endorsed only after repeated trials in cham- 
pionship events. The benefits of the ball bearyijr 
construction will be quickly appreciated by all ham- 
mer throwers. Guaranteed absolutely correct in 

weight 
No. I 2FB. 12-lb. , with sole leather case. 8 7 . 6 O 
No. I 2F. 12-lb. , without sole leather case. 5 . 5 O 
No. 1 6FB. 16-lb., with sole leather case. 7.50 
No. I 6F. 16-lb., without sole leather casfe. 5.60 





Spalding Rubber Covered Indoor Shot 

Patented December 19. 1905) 

This shot is made according to scien- 
tific principles, with a rubber cover 
that is perfectly round; gives a fine 
grip, and has the proper resiliency 
when it comes in contact with the 
floor; will wear longer than the ordi- 
nary leather covered, and in addition there is no pos- 
.^ibility that the lead dust will sift out, therefore itJs 

always full weight 
No. P. 16-lb: $12.00 1 No. Q. 12-lb. 51 0.00 

Spalding Indoor Shot 

With our improved leather cover. 

Does not lose weight even when used ^SKggfi^^g 

constantlv. 
No. 3. 12-lb. Each, S7.00 

No. 4. 16-lb. " 7:50 

Regulation Shot, Lead, and Iron 

Guaranteed Correct In Weight 
No. I 6LS. 16-lb., lead. Each.S3.60 
No. I 2LS. 12-lb., lead. 3. CO 

No. I 6 IS. 16-lb., iron. 1.75 

No. 12 IS. 12-lb., iron. 1 .60 





Spalding Regulation Hammer 
With Wire Handle 

Goaranteed Correct In WelKbt 
Lead 

No. I2LH. 12-lb., lead, practice. «4.60 
No. I 6LH. 16-lb., lead.regulatibH^ 5.00 

Iron 
No. I2IH. 12-lb., iron, practice 3. BO 
No I6IH. 16-lb., iron, regulatibrt. 3.76 | 

Extra Wire Handles 

No. FH. For above hammers, improved 
design, large grip, heavy wire. Each,76c. 

Spalding 
Regulation 56-lb. Weight 

Made after niodei sub- 
mitted by Champion J S. 
Mitchel, and endorsed by 
all weight throwers. 
Packed in box and guar- ' 
anteed correct in weight 
and in exact accordance with 
rules of A. A. U. 
No. 2. Lead 56-lb. weights 
Complete, » 1 2.00 




SPALDING JUVENILE ATHLETIC SHOT AND HAMMERS 

Spalding Juvenile Athletic Shot and Hammers are made according to official regulations. Weights 

are guaranteed accurate and records made with these implements will be recognized. 

JUVENILE HAlflMER 

No. alH. 8-lb., Iron, Juvenile Hammer. Each, $2.60 

JirVENIUEI SHOT 

No. 26. 8-lb., Leather Covered Shot, for indoor, schoolyard and playground use. Each, 88.00 

No. 5. 5-lb., Leather Covered Shot, for indoor, schoolyard and playground use, 

No. 8 IS. 8-lb., Solid Iron Shot, not covered. Each, S 1 .26. 

No. 5 IS. 5-lb., Solid Iron Shot, not covered. " 1 .OO 



6.00 



PBOMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

AODRESSEOTOUS 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



■Pnctj IP djcct lulu 5. 1910. SubjetJ to diangc wilhoul notice. For Canadian prices xc ipecial Canadian Catalogue. 



t!1?e THE SPALDING 



Spalding Olympic Discus 

Since the introduction of Discus Throw- 
ing-, which was revived at the Olympic 
Games, at Athens, in 1896, and which 
was one of the principal features at the 
recent games held there, the Spalding 
Discus has been recognized as the 
official Discus, and is used in all com- 
petitions because it conforms exactly to the official rules in every 
respect, and is exactly the same as used at Athens, 1906, and 
London, 1908. Packed in sealed box. and guaranteed absolutely 
correct Price. $5.00 




Spalding Youths' Discus 

Officially adopted by the Public 
Schools Athletic League 

To satisfy the demand for a 
Discus that will be suitable for 
the use of the more youthful 
athletes, we have put out a spe- 
cial Discus smaller in size and 
lighter in weight than the regular 
Official size. The Youths' Discus 
is made in accordance with offi- 
cial specifications. Price, S4.00 



Spalding 
Vaulting Standards 




These Standards are made 
carefully and well. There 
is nothing flimsy about them, 
and the measurements are 
clearly and correctly 
marked, so as to avoid any 
misunderstandingor dispute. 
No. I 09. Wooden uprights, 
graduated in half inches, ad- 
justable to 13 feet. 

Complete, S I 5.00 
No. III. Wooden uprights, 
inch graduations. 7 feet 
high. Complete. $9.00 
No. 112 Cross Bars. 
Hickory. Dozen, $3 OO 



Spalding Official Javelins 



No. 53. Swedish model, correct in length, 
proper balance. Steel shod. 

Spalding Vaulting Poles— Selected Spruce, Solid 



eight, etc.. and of 
Each, $5. CO 



The greatest care has been exercised in making these poles. In 
selecting the spruce only the most perfect and thoroughly seasoned 
pieces have been used. All of this gees to make them what we claim 

they are, the only poles really fit and safe for an athlete to use. 
No I03. 14ft. long. Ea.,«e.6o No. I04. 16ft. long. Ea.,S7.00 
We guarantee all of our wood vaulting poles to be perfect in 
material and workmanship, but we do not guarantee against breaks 
while in use, as we have found in our experience that they are usually 
caused by improper use or abuse. 

Spalding Bamboo Vaulting Poles 



Owing to dillfrencfs in climatic conditions It is impossible lo keep Bamboo Vaulting 
Poles (rom cracking. These cracks or season cliecks do not appreciably detract from 
the merits o( the poles, although they may be wide open and evtend through several 
sections on one side. All ol our tests would seem lo prove that poles with season 
checks may be acrepted as sale and durable. Very Irequently such splits or season 
checks can be entirely closed by placing the pole in a damp place lor a day or so. 




No. 1 . 1 to 50. 

No. 2. 1 to 75, 

No. 3. 1 to 100 

No. 4. 1 to 150 

No. 5. 1 to 200. 

No. 6. 1 to 250 



Competitors' 
Numbers 

Printed on Heavy Manila 
Paper or Strong Linen 

M.\NIL\ LINEN 

Per Set Pci Set 

$ .25 

.38 

.50 

.75 
I .CO 
1.25 



Tape wound at short intervals. Thoroughly tested before leaving 

our factory. Fitted with special spike. 
No. I OBV. 10 feet long. »4*00 No. I 4BV 14 feet long. S5.00 
No. I 2 BV. 12 feet long 4.50 No. I 6BV. 16 feet long 5. CO 

For larger meets we supply Competitors' 
Numbers on Manila paper only in sets as follows : 

N„ PKK'SKT I No. I'KR SKT 

SI.50 16. 1 to 1200. $6.00 

2.00 I 7. 
2.50 I 18. 
$3.00 



I.50 
2.25 
3.00 
4.50 
6.00 
7.50 



ID. 
i I . 
12. 
13. 
I 4. 
I 5. 



1 to 300. 
Ito 400. 
1 to 500. 
1 to 600. 
1 to 700 
1 to 80t). 
1 to 900 
1 to 1000 
Ito 1100. 




1 to 2000. lO.OO, 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



fOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



"Prtoo (p effect Julti 5. 1910. Subject to change without notice. For Canadijn pricei see tpeciai Canadian Catdt^iM, 



sSbSe THE SPALDING 



TRADEMARK "^"nrTf 



QUALITY 



Spalding Athletic Paraphernalia 

'^^^ Foster's Patent Safety Hurdle 

The frame is 2 feet 6 inches high, with a swinging wooden 
hurdle 2 feet high, the swinging joint being 6 inches from 
one side and 18 inches from the other. With the short 
side up it measures 2 feet 6 inches from the ground, and 
with the long side up, 3 feet 6 inches. The hurdle can be 
changed from one height to the other in a few seconds, 
and is held firmly in either position by a thumb-screw. 
Single Hurdle, $3.60 



Spalding 7-Foot Circle 

The discus, shot and weights are 
thrown from the 7-foot circle. Made 
of one piece band iron with bolted 
joints. Circle painted white. Each, 9 I COO 

Spalding Take-off Board 0J^' "1 ^ 

The Take-off Board is used for the nr^ ' r^ 

running broad jump, and is a nee- I . I 

essary adjunct to the athletic field. Regulation size; 
top painted white. . . Each, $3.00 

Spalding Toe Board or Stop Board 

.Used when putting the 16-lb. shot, 
I throwing weights and discus, and is 

curved on the arc of a 7-foot cirfTe. 

Toe Board, regulation size, painted 
white and substantially made. Each. $3.60 

Spalding Referees' Whistles 

No. 7. Nickel-plated, heavy metal 
Whistle. The most satisfactory 
and loudest of any. Each, 75c. 

Jj No. I . Nickel- 

^^HHr^a plated whistle, 
■■I^HH^HI well made. 
!^^M^^ Each, 25c. 

^H No. 2. Very reli- 

HH able. Popular de* 

■^* sign. Each, 25c. 

Spalding Lanes for Sprint Races ^ 

We supply in this set sufficient stakes and cord to lay out 
four 100-yard lanes. Stakes are 
made with pointed end and suf-i 
ficiently strong, so that they can 
be driven into hard ground. ^ 
No. L. Per set, S I 6. CO ^^ 

Spalding Official SacKs for Sacit Races 

(REINFORCED) 

Spalding Official Sacks for Sack Races are 
made in two sizes, for men and boys. 
They are all strongly reinforced, will 
wear for a great length of time, and by 
their construction it is practically impos- 
sible for racers to work their feet free. 
^^_^ ^ These sacks are made in exact accordance 

--^ * '''' with official regulations. 

No. MS. Men's Sack, reinforced,' 3 ft wide. 8 1 . 60 
Na B&iL Boys' Sack, reinforced. 2^ ft. wide. I .OO 




mm 



o^ 





Patent Steel Tape Chain on Patent Electric Reel 

For Measniing Distances In Athletic Competltlona 

Made of superior steel about % inch 
wide. The reel allows the entire tape 
open to dry and can be reeled and un- 
f\ . -^'"^^J'^^^ reeled as easily as tapes in cases. 
IjOm ■ ■ ■ cs~~°^--^ Especially adapted to lay off 
^ PAT. May 24, -92 courses and long measurements. 



1 B. 100 feet long. 
I 1 B. 200 feet long. 



Each, «6.00 
7.50 




Patent "Angle" Steel Measuring Tape 

Especially adapted for laying off base 
ball diam6nds, tennis courts and all kinds ' 
of athletic fields, both outdoors and indoors. 
Right angles accurately determined; also i 
equally good for straight or any kind of 
measuring. Enclosed in hard leather case, 

flush handles. All mountings nickel-plated. 
No. A. 50 feet long, ?« inch wide Each, $4.00 
No. R. 100 feet long, ?« inch wide. " 6,7tf 

Spalding Stop Watch 

Stem winder, nickel-plated case, porcelain 
dial, registered to 60 seconds by 1-.5 sec- 
onds, fly back engaging and disengaging 
mechanism. . Each, $7.60 

Spalding 
Starter's Pistol 

32 caliber, two inch barrel, patent 
ejecting device. . Each, S6.00 

Official Harness for Three-Legged Racing 

Made according to 
official rules. Com- 
plete set of straps 
for fastening men 
and with extra 
straps for keeping 
fastenings at re- 
quired height inj^ 
long distances 
races. 

No. 1. Official Harness for Three-Legged Raciogr. 
> Per set, 99.90 







PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDIIESSEO TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IJM ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOK 



"Pncci if) cjjfcci July 5, 1910 Subject to change without notice For Canadian prices xe special Canadian Catalogue. 



sSbKe THE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK ^rZf 



ATHLETIC 



TIGHTS 



SHIRTS, 

STOCK COLORS AND SIZES. Worsted Goods. Best Quality. 

Black. Naiy BliK and Maroon, in Slock sues blurts. j6 to 44 in chest TikIhs. jS to 4-' i" "aisl. Otlicr c..l..r> ;ui.l >i.ts ni.nlc 
to order at special prices Estiinates on application. Our No. 600 Line Worsted Goods. Fiiinisl-.c.J m r.r:iy and White, Navy 
"^due. Maroon and Black only. Slock si?es Shirts. 26 to 44 in chest Tights. 28 to 42 in waist San!«ary Cotton Goods. Colors. 



Uc 



AND 

arry lolloa 



TRUNKS 



Bleached VVh 



Nav 



/ 







Black Maroon and Gray Slock sues 261044 m. chest. Tights 26 to 42 in waist. 

Spalding Sleeveless Shirts 

No. lE. Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock colors and sizes. Each. S3.00 
No eOO.Cut worsted, stock colors and sizes. Each, S I .25 * $12.60 Doz. 
No. 6E. Sanitary Cotton, stock colors and sizes. .50-^ I,.75 " 

Spalding Striped Sleeveless Shirts 

No. 6OOS. Cut Worsted, with 6-inch stripe around che.st. in followinjr com- 
binations of colors; Navy with White stripe; Black with Orangestripe; Maroon 
with White stripe; Red with Black stripe; Royal Blue with White stripe; Black 
i with Red stripe; Gray with Cardinal stripe.. Each. 9 i .50 if $15.00 Doz. 

I No. 6ES. Sanitary Cotton, solid color body, with 6-inch stripe around chest, 
j in same combinations of colors as No. 600S. Each, 7 5c. * $7.50 Doz. 

Spalding Shirts with Sash 

Sanitary Cotton, sleeveless, solid color bodv with sash of differ- 

Same combinations of colors as No. 600S Each, 75c.* $?.50Doz. _„.---^^'':^,' 

Spalding Quarter Sleeve Shirts ^ \^ 

Best Worsted. full fashioned, stock colorsand sizes. Each, $3.0o}^ 
Cut Worsted, stock colors and sizes Each, S I .50 * $1.5.00 L\ z. ^^■■, 
Sanitary Cotton, stock colors and sizes., .50* i.?5 " '| 

Spalding Full Sleeve Shirts - 

No. 3D. Cotton. Flesh. While. Black., Each, S I .OO * $10.00 Doz. 



No 6ED. 

ent color. 

No. IF. 
No. 60 I . 
No. 6F. 




Spalding Knee Tights 

No. IB. Best Worsted, full 

fashioned, stock colors and i 

sizes. , Pair. $3 OO f; 

No. 604. Cut Worsted, stock [ 

Jlcolors and sizes. |: 

Pair, S 1 .25 * $12.60 Doz. I 

No. 4B. Sanitary Cotton, stock 

fcolors and sizes. . j 

I Pair. 50c. ir $i.75 Doz. \ 

I Spalding 

FuU Length Tights 

; No. I A. Best Worsted, full \ 
h:.:i,,:4 fashioned, stock colors and i 
liiMii sizes. Pair. $4.00 

No. IB No. 605. Cut Worsted, stock*- 
colorsand sizes. Pair. $2.00 * $21.60 Doz. 
No. 3A. Cotton_^ full quality. White. Black. / 



(•"EgGTanThmiTirimaa, 



Flesh. 




No. 1 



Pair. S 1 .00 * $10.00 Doz. 

Spalding Worsted Trunks 

No. I . Best Worsted, Black, Maroon 
and Navy. Pair, $2.00 

No. 2. Cut Worsted, N^vy and black. 
Special colors to order Pair. $ I .OO 



Spalding Running Pants 

No. I . White or Black 
.<;it<'en. flv front, lace back 
I'm-. S 1 .25 ii: $12.00 Doz. 
X ), 2. White or Black 
S itcen. flv front, lace back. 
I'air, $1 .00 if $10.00 Doz: 
N.I. 3. Whiteor Black Silesia, 
fly front, lace back./ 

Pair. 75c. * $7. SO Doz. 
No. 4. White, Black or Gray 
Silesia, fly front, lace back. 

i ^ Pair, 50c. * iS.CO Doz. 

■ Silk Ribbon Stnpes down 
sides of any of these runninjj 
pants. Per pair, extra. 25c. * $. 

\ Silk Ribbon Stripe around waist on any 

A running pants. Pair, e.xtra. 25c. * < 

Spalding Velvet Trunks 

No. 3, Fine Velvet. Colors: Black. 
Navy, Royal Blue, Maroon. Special col 
ors to order. Pair.S I .OO ir $10.00 Doi. 
No. 4. Sateen. Black. White. 

- Pair. 50c. if $5.00 Doz. 




2.1,0 Doz. 
■ of these 
2.J,ODoz. 




SPALDING 
JUVENILE 

SHIRTS, 

TIGHTS AND 

PANTS 



No. 6 5. Sleeveless Shirt, quality of No. 600. Each, $ I .OO 

N0.65S. Sleeveless Shirt, quality of No. 600S. " 1 .25 

N0.66. Quarter Sleeve Shirt, quality of No, 601. '" 1.25 

No.64. Knee Tights, quality of No. 604. .. ^ " 1.15 

N0.44. Running Pants, quality of No. 4. . Pair, .45 



ONLY S 


ZE 


S 


SUPPL 


EC 




Chest. 


26 


to 


30 


inches. 


Inc 


us 


ve- 


Waist, 


24 


to 


26 


inches. 


incius 


ve. 



The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with * will be quoted only on orders for one-half dozen or 
more. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with ir 



PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

Of THIS BOO! 



'Prices in tffccJ futy 5. 1910. Subject to change wtlfxMl 1 



For Canadi an prioa tee tfiedal Canadian Colalogu& 



St!!?eTHE SCALDING 



-QUALITY 



f^ THE SPALDING STRIKING BAGS -^ 

THE BlJlDDERS USED IN AIX, OUR STRIKING BAGS (EXCEPT Nos. » AND 14) ARE MADE 
OF PURE PARA RUBBER (NOT COMPOUNDED) AND ARE FUIXY GUARANTEED 

Our single end bags are made with rope attachment carefully centered, making them the most 
certain in action of any. Laces on side at top, so that the bladder may be inflated without inter- 
fering with rope. Each bag is most carefully inspected and then packed complete in box 
with bladder, lace and rope. 

No. G. This is a heavy durable Gymnasium Bag, suitable for all around exercise 
work and the strongest bag made. The cover is of heavy English grain 
leather, same as used in our best grade foot balls and basket balls and made 
in the same way. It will outlast two or three bags of any other make. With 
loop top Each, S8.00 

No. 19, Made of highest quality Patna kid, the lightest and strongest of 
leather. Sewed with linen thread, double stitched and red welted seams. 
Especially suited for exhibition work, and a very fast bag, Each, $8.00 

No. I 9S. Same material as No. 19, but furnished with special light bladder 
and weighs only 73s ounces complete. The fastest bag made, but very strong 
and durable Each, $8.00 

No. 20. Made of finest selected calfskin, double stitched, red welted seams 
and reinforced throughout. Very fast and a durable bag for all around 
use Each, $7.00 

No. 18. The "Fitzsimmons Special." Made of finest selected olive Napa 
tanned leather, extra well made; double stitched, red welted seams and rein- 
forced throughout. For training purposes particularly this bag will be found 
extremely satisfactory in every respect. . . . " Each, S6.00 

No. I 8S. Same as No. 18, but smaller in size and lighter. Intended for very 
speedy work Each, $6.00 

No. 12. Olive tanned leather, specially selected; double stitcl^ed, red welted 
seams and reinforced throughout. Excellent for quick work Each, S6.00 

No. I O. Specially tanned brown glove leather; double stitcned, red welted 
seams and reinforced throughout. Very well made. Each, S4.00 

No. I 7. Made of fine craven tanned leather, well finished; double stitched, 
red welted seams and reinforced throughout. A good bag. Each, $3.50 

No. I 6. Extra fine grain leather, full size and lined throughout and welted 
seams Each, S3.00 

No. I 5. Made of olive tanned leather, full size and lined throughout; red 
welted seams Each, $2.00 

No. 14. Good quality colored sheepskin; lined throughout. Complete with 
unguaranteed bladder. . . . . • Each, 8I.60 



« 




Spalding Striking Bag Swivels 








% 



No. 4 NO. » No. 12 No. 6 

No. 4. A special swivel, made according to suggestions of experienced bag punchers, with 
features that overcome disadvantages of ordinary style. Rope can be changed instantly without 

interfering with any other part of swivel Each, SI.50 

No. 9. With removable socket for quickly suspending or removing bag without readjusting. .50 
No. 6. Japanned iron stem for use with platform or disk. .... Each, .36 

No. I 2. Ball and socket action. Fastens permanently to disk ; nickel-plated. " ' .25 



-\Lr 



-Mr 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 
JNY COMMUNICATIONS 
^ ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOH 



'Prita (n effect July 5, 1910. Subject to changt wllhoul nod'cc Foi Canadian price) tct tpedal Canadian Cotaltgm, 



SUB TUTE THE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK^rLTif 



The*- Spalding Double End Bags 

We are making all our double end bags with one-piece top and substantial leather loop. Really the strongest con- 
struction vve know oi. The bottom loop is also very strongly made. Each bag complete in box, with bladder, lace, 
rubber cord lor iloor, and rope lor ceiling attachment. 

No. 7. Made of finest selected olive Napa I No. 4. Regulation size, fine grain leather 

tanned leather and workmanship of same i cover and wrell made throughout, double 

quality as in our " Fitzsimmons " Special h stitched. . Each, S3. 50 

Bag No. 18. Double stitched, red welted ^^^ No. 3. Regulation size, substantial brown 

seams. An extremely durable and hvely ^^^i\ father cover, reinforced and doub'. 

bag. . . Each, $6.00 /SMMi^ \ '^ ^-x u j t^ u «.» ^ ^ 

No. 6. Fine olive tanned leather cover, M^^ I B ^^'^"^^^ ^^^'^^' ■ Each. S3.00 

double stitched, red welted seams. Extra K^^ \ M ^^- ^''^- Regulation size, good quality dark 

well made throughout. Each, S5.50 »ffil^^^'k^ ^'^^® tanned leather, lined throughout. 

No. B. Regulation size, specially tanned yS^^^m^^ red welted seams. Each. $2.60 
brown glove leather cover, red welted ^^^^^^^^ No. 2. Medium size, good colored sheep- 
seams, double stitched and substantially ^^^^ skin, lined throughout. Unguaranteed 
made throughout. Each, S5.00 JT bladder. . .• Each, « 1.50 

No. 4%. Regulation size, fine craven A 

tanned leather and red welted seams. j Bladder furnished vnth No. 2 Bag is oj 

Well finished throughout. Each, S4.00 ■ comvounded rubber and is not guaranteed, 

SPALDING BLADDERS • 

The Bladders used in allour Striking Bags (except Nos. 2 and U) are made of pure Para rubber {not compounded) 

and are fully guaranteed. 

Note special explavjition of guarantee on tag attached to each bladder. 

It is. well to specify when ordering extra bladders whether they are required for single or 

double end bags, as we can furnish the two styles in each grade. 



No. B. With top stem, for Nos. 2, 2% 
and 3. . Each, 90c. 

NOTE— We do not sell separately the 
unguaranteed compounded bladders sup- 
plied tvith the Nos. 2 and U Bags. The 
No. B bladder will fit the No. 2 Bag. 
No. BS will fit the No. U Bag. 
No. BS. With side stem, for Nos. 14 
and 15. " Each, 90c. 

No. 5. With top stem, for Nos. 4, 4%. 5 and 6. 

Each. S I .ao 



No. 5S. With side stem, for Nos. 10, 12, 

16 and 17. . Each, $1,261 

No. 7S. With side stem, for Nos. 18. 18S, 

19, 19S and 20. Each. $ 1 .40 

No. 7. With top stem, for No. 7. " 1.25 
No. OM. Top stem for No. G. 2.00 

No. OS. With top stem, heavy 'bladder, best 

quality. . Each, $1.5 O 

No. D. Elastic floor attachment for all double end 

bags, best quality cord. Each, 30c. 

No. E. Elastic cord for double end bags. 2 O c . 



Spalding Brass Inflaters 



No. 2. Club size, cylinder lO-'g inches. 
No. 3. Pocket size, cylinder 5% inches. 



Each, 50c. 
" 25c. 



-ffi 



^ 




Spalding Striking Bag Mitts 



Will protect the hands and recommended lor use with all Striking Bags. 

No. I . Made of olive Napa leather and extra well padded; ventilated 
palm and special elastic wrist in glove. . Pair. $2.50 

No. 2. Made of soft tanned leather, properly shaped and padded, 
substantially put together. . . . Pair, $1. SO 

No. 3. Made of soft tanned leather, paaded and well made; also 
made in ladies' size. .... Pair, 75c. 

No. 4. Knuckle mitt, well padded. , . . " 60c. 

No. 5. Knuckle mitt, well padded. . . . "25c. 



PROMPT mENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G. SPALDING «£ BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



]R COMPLETE LIST OF stores: 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



"Prita in tfftct July 5, 1910. Subject lo change viUhaul notice. For Canadian pnca fee tpetial Canadian Calolagut. 



sSbSe THE SPALDING 



TRADEMARK ^Sr 



QUALITY 




The Spalding 

CHAMPIONSHIP 

Gloves 

(Jsed and Endorsed by Champions ol the World 
A. a SPALDING & BROS.. 

San Francisco, Cal. 
Gentlemen : 

Please have your repruentative call 
at our training quarters at the earliest 
possible moment, to lalfe measurements 
for the boxing gloves to be used in m\) 
fight with Jeffries, on July 4th. I Kant 
your Championship glove, which is the 
glove I have used in all m\f fights. 
Yours trul\/, 




I TheSpalding"Cham- 

1 pionship" Gloves are 

* endorsed by all cham- 

2 pions and neve been 
I exclusively uced for 

* years in champion- 

{ship contests and in 
training. The mate- 
i* rial and workman- 
ship are of the hi?h- 
; est quality, the C.t ifl 
I perfect, and by thou" 
peculiar construction 
1* absolutely prevent 
any chance of injury to the hands or wrists. 
Each set is carefully inspected before packing 
and guaranteed in every particular. Made in 
three sizes in sets of four gloves. 





No. I I 5. The Spald- 
ing 5-oz. "Cham- 
pionship" Glove. 
Per set of four 
gloves, $6.00 

No. I I 6. The Spald- 
ing 6-oz. "Cham- 
pionship" Glove. 
Per set of four 
gloves, $6.00 
No. I I 8. The Spald- 
ing 8-oz. "Cham- 
pionship" Glove. 
Per set of four 
gloves, $6.60 

Spalding "Special" No. 218 

No. 2 I 8. Same style as our "Championship" 8-oz. 
Gloves, but not same quality material and work- 



manship. 



Per set of four gloves,. 96. OO 



BITHNS ▼■. JOHNSON 

SPALDDK ClOVIS USED 

— . CoDTrt«b«. rrom N V Aui^rif 



Spalding "Navy Special" 
Championship Gloves 

Used by the Champions of the Navy 

These gloves are made of a special "sea 
green " leather, of particularly durable 
quality. Furnished in 8-oz. only, similar in' 
style to No. 118, and with padded wrist, 
No. I 8N. Per set of four gloves, $6.50 




BOXING IN THE NAVT 

CovyrUbt. laoi. br o w r>vo»u.iTubiar>«ii 



PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDHESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STARES 
SEE INSIOE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOl 



'Pricti [n effect full/ 5, 1910 Subiecl to change xiilhoul mtUce. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Calatogu 



SSe THE SPALDING 



SPALDING BOXING GLOVES 

The Spalding Instructors* Gloves, 10-oz. 

Made of best grade brown glove leather, extra heavily padded over the knuckles 

and with special large padded thumb to prevent injury to either instructor or 

pupil. Laces extra far to proyide ample ventilation and has patent palm grip. 

No. I CO. Per set of four gloves, $6. CO 

The Spalding 5-oz. Boxing Gloves 

None Better at Any Price 

Made of special quality light tan colored glove leather, very soft and smooth. 
Plain laced wrist-band, patent palm lacing and patent palm grip. An ideal glove 
for limited round contests. No. I 05. Per set of four gloves, S7.00 ^^^ ,q5 

Spalding Pupil's Boxing Gloves ^ 

Made after the suggestion of one of the most prominent 
athletic officials in this country. A boxing glove that is 
really an aid to the pupil learning to box. This glove is 
additionally padded on the forearm and over the wrist, 
to prevent that soreness which is one of the most dis- 
couraging features following a brisk lesson in the art of 
"blocking." The glove part is well padded with curled 
hair, the leather being best quality soft tanned. 
No. lie. Per set of four gloves, S6.50 





Paddint on WrW and roream ■ 

No. I 1 . Corbett pattern, large 7-oz. glove, best 
quahty brown glove leather, padded with best 
curled hair, patent palm lacing, padded wrist- 
band, patent palm grip. Substantially made 
throughout for hard usage. 

Set of four gloves, S6.00 

No. 9. Regulation 5-oz. glove, other- 
wise same as No. 11 Glove. 

Set of four gloves, 86. GO 

No. 1 4. Regulation 5-oz. glove, 
dark wine color, padded wristband, 
patent palm lacing; palm grip. Much 
improved, g^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^j^^^^^ $4.00 

No. I 6. Corbett pattern, olive tan- 
ned leather, well padded with hair, 
paddM wristband, patent palm lacing, 
patent palm grip. 

Set of four gloves, S4.00 





No. I 7. Corbett pattern, craven tan leather, 
well padded with hair, patent palm lacing, patent 
palm grip, pad^ied wristband. 

Set of four gloves, S4.O0 

No. 19. Corbett pattern, craven tan leather, 

well padded with hair, patent palm grip and 

nt palm lacing. Set of four gloves. 83. 60 

No. 2 I . Corbett pattern. darK wine 

color leather. Well padded with hair 

and patent palm lacing. 

Set of four gloves, 83. CO 
No. 23. Corbett pattern, fine quality 
brown tanned leather. A verj well 
made glove. Hair padded an'* latent 
palm lacing. 

Set of four gloves, *2,00 
No. 24. Regular pattern, craven tan 
leather, hair padded, elastic wristband. 

Corbett Pattern. Set of four gloveS, 81.75 



Spalding Youths' Boxing Gloves -ah styles. Padded ivith Hair 

Youths' Boxing Cloves art made in exacUy Oie same manner and ol the same malerial as Uie tali siie gloves ol oor 
^ wairanled 10 give satislaclion. 

No. 45. Youths' Championship Glove, Corbett pattern, best quality brown glove leather, extra well 
finished; double stitched, patent palm lacing, patent palm grip. . . Set of four gloves. »3-o" 

No. 40. Youths' size. Corbett pattern, soft craven I No. 26. Youths' size, regular pattern, sott wn- 
tan leather, well padded, patent palm lacing. ned leather, patent palm lacmg. « , rto 

Set of four gloves, 82. BO | Set of four gloves, ^J -BO 

Caeh S«t of Spalding Boxing Gloves ConaleU of Four Qlo»ee. Mf d In Two Poiro 



NTIQNGIVENTOl 
NICAI1|0NS 



A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



ETE LIST OF STORES 
SIDE FRONT COYEB 
OF THIS BOOK 



'Prku h tffccJ JuluS, I9W. Sukjttl l» changtviUhoiil noUm. For Canadian pritm mt tfcial QatadUm OUaiagu*. 



KtKUHE SPALDING 



The Spalding Disk Platform 



Home Apparatus 

"Many forms of exercise 
are indulged in by folk de- 
sirous of improving their 
physical condition, but 
none of them is more at- 
tractive and at the same 
time more beneficial than 
bag punching. Arms, 
shoulders, hands, wrist, 
the neck and legs are 
brought into play individ- 
ually and in combination 
in bag punching. Aside 
from the development in 
these parts of the body, 
the shoulders are made 
square and upright, the 
chest is broadened, the eye 
quickened and the brain 
stimulated. The direct 
result is a new being for 
the bag puncher." — Ex- 
tract from Spalding's A th- 
letic Library, No. 191, 
^ "Bag Punching." 



Bag is NOT Included with this 

Can be put up Patented Apm 19, ie04 

in a very small 
space and taken 
down quickly 
when not in use 
by simply de- 
taching the 
pipe fixture 
from the wail 

plate. 
The metal disk 
against which 
the bag strikes 
constitutes one 

of the best features ever incorporated 
in an arrangement of this character, 
rendering it almost noiseless and 

very quick in action. 
This disk also combines aji adjust- 
able feature that is simplfe to oper- 
ate and makes it possible for various 
members of the family to use the 

same disk. 
The Spalding Adjustable Disk Plat- 
form, without bag. 

No. PR.. Each. $6.00 



Platlonn 





The 

Spalding Patent 

Solid Striking 

Bag Disks 




Without B«g 



Wall bi^ceH style. 



Bag is NOT 
Included With 

Either of 
These Disks 



A striking bag difek must be 

substantial if it is to be of 

use, and in the two styles, 

both adjustable and braced,- 

which we list, this feature 

has not been neglected, 

while we have striven to put out a disk which is suitable 

for home use and moderate in price. 

Complete, "jl ff No. CR. 



Each, 86.00 



Patent adjustable style Coiri- 
plete, >^thout Bag. Each, $7.60 






PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

AODRESSEOTOUS 



A. S. SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



'Piku in i^ecl July 5, 1910. Sulgal to chur^c 



lut Canadian piia-i sci- ipcaal Canadian Catalogue 



Sp THE SPALDING 



QUALITY 



o SPALDING COAT JERSEYS C:^ 

Following sizes carried in slocl( regularly in all qualities : 28 to 44 inch chest. Other sizes at an advanced price. 

We alloiv two inches for stretch in all our Jerseys, and sizes are marked accordingly. 

It issuggcsted, however, that for very heavy men a size about ttvo inches larg er th an 
coat measurement be ordered to insure a comfortable 
The Spalding Coat Jerseys are made of the 
same worsted yarn from which we manu- 
facture our better grade Jerseys, Nos. lOP 
and 12P, and no pains have been spared to 
turn them out in a well made and attract- 
ive manner. Plain solid colors (not 
striped) ; or one solid color body and 
sleeves, with different color solid trim- 
ming (not striped) on cuffs, collar and 
f ront edging. Pearl buttons. 

STOCK COLORS : Solid Gray, Gray trimmed 
Mavy, Gray trimmed Cardinal, Gray trim- 
med Dark Green. See list below of colors 
supplied on special orders. 




Nos. IOC and 12C 




No. IOC. SamegradeasNo.lOP. INo. I2C. SamegradeasNo i2P. INo. 1 OCP. Pockets, otherwise same 
•Each. $3. SO • $36.00 Doz. I Each. $3.00 * $30.00 Doz. lasNo.lOC. Ea..9^.00ir$i2.00Doz. 



SPECIAL ORDERS 



In addition to stock colors mentioned we also supply any ol the jerseys listed on this page, without 
extra charge, on special orders only— not carried in stock-in any ol the lollowing colors: 

Gray Black Maroon Cardinal Royal Blue " Peacock Blue Olive Green Pink Yellow Old Gold 

Orange While Scarlet Navy Columbia Blue Dark Green Irish Green Purple Seal Broun Drab 

PLAIN COLORS-The above colors are supplied in our worsted jerseys (NOT Nos I2XB, 6*r 6X) at regular prices. Other colors to 

order only in any quality (EXCEPT Nos. 12XB, 6 or 6X) 25c. each extra. 

STRIPES AND TRIMMINGS— Supplied as specified in any ol the above colors (not more than two colors in any garment) at 

regular prices. Other colors to order only in any quality (EXCEPT Nos. I2VB. 6 or 6X) 2Sc. each extra. 




SPALDING STRIPED AND V NECK JERSEYS 

No. I OPW. Good quality worsted, same 

grade as No. lOP. Solid color body and 

sleeves, with 6-inch stripe around bodv. 

•Each, S3.25 :^ $33.00 Doz. 



Slock Colors: Black and Orange, \avy and 
While, Black and Red, Gray and Cardinal, 
Royal Blue and While, Columbia Blue anil 
While, Scarlet and White, Navy and Cardinal, 
Maroon and While. Second color mentioned 
is lor body stripe. See list above ol colors 
supplied on special orders. 





Nos. 10PW and 12PW 

No. I2PW. Worsted; solid stock 
color body and sleeves with 6-inch 
stock color stripe around body. 
Colors same as No. lOPW. 

Each, $2.75 -^ $30.00 Doz. 
No. I OPX. Good quality worsted, 
fashioned ; solid stock color body, 
with stock color striped sleeves, 
usually alternating two inches of 
same color as body, with narrow 
stripes of any other stock color. 
Colors same as No. lOPW. 

Each, S3. 25 • $33.00 Uoz. nos. iopx and i2PX 

' * PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE 



No. 12PV 

No. 1 2PV. Worsted, solid stock 
colors, with V-neck instead of full 
collar as on regular jerseys. Stock 
colors: Navy Blue, Black, Maroon 
and Gray. See list above of colors 
supplied on special orders. 

Each. S2.75 • $30.00 Doz. 

No. 12PX. Worsted, solid color 
body, with striped sleeves, usually 
alternating two inches of same 
color as body, with narrow stripes 
of some other color. Colors same 
as No. lOPW. 

Each. $2.75 -A- $30.00 Dojc. 



The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with ir ivill be quoted only on orders for one-half dozen 
or more. Quantity pricey NOT allowed on items NOT marked with -k 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SE£ INSIDE FRONT COVER 
Of THIS BOOK 



"Pricti in tfftcl July 5, I9t0. Suhjed to ohange uiilhoul notice. Fat Canadian prica sec special Canadian Catalogue, 



T?E THE SPALDING 



QUALITY 



Spalding Jacket Sweaters 



sixes J8 to 44 inches chest measnrement. We lilow (oor inches for 
stretch in all onr sweaters, and sizes are marked accordingly. 
II is suggested, however, that lor very heavy nen a size aboal 
two inches larger than coat measurement be ordered to iosore • 
comlortable lit 




\ 



■i. ..„ 


I 


.i^ 


No VG Showing 
«ng and cuffs su 
jacket sweaters 


opiied 
at no 


trimmed edg- 
if desired, on 
extra ctiarne. 



BUTTON FRONT 

No VG. Best quality worsted, heavy 
u eight.pearl buttons. Carried in stock 
in Gray and White only. See list below 
(if colors supplied on special orders. 

Each, S6.00 ir $66.00 Doz. 

\i) DJ, Fine worsted, standard! 

ight, pearl buttons, fine knitedginjj. 

t iiried in stock in Gray and White 

nlv. See list below of colors supplied 

on special orders. 

Each, $5.00 • $5i.00 Doz. 
WITH POCKETS 
No VGP. Best quality worsted, 
heavy weight, pearl buttons. Carried 
in stock in Gray or White only. See 
list below of colors supplied on special 
oiders. With pocket on either side and 
popular style for Rolf players. 




No. VGP 
particularly convenient atid 
Each, $6.50 * $69.00 Doz. 



Cppi~'IAI ADHL^UC In addition to stock colors mentioned, we also supply any ol the sweaters listed on this page(eiicept Nos.3J,CDW 
OrijvlnL VlVUljIVij and 3JBj, without extra charge, on special orders only, not carried in slock, in any ol the lollowing colors: 
WHITE CARDINAL PINK COLUMBIA BLUE OLIVE GREEN YELLOW OLD GOLD 

ORJ^NCE MAROON NAVY BLUE PEACOCK BLUE IRISH GREEN SEAL BROWN 

, 9I-ACK SCARLET ROYAL BLUE DARK GREEN PURPLE DRAB 

Other colors to order only in any quality 50c each extra. ^ 

SPECIAL NOTICE— We will furnisti any of tlie solid color sweaters listed on this oage with one color body and 
another color (not striped) collar and cuffs in any of the above colors on special order, at no extra charge. This does 
not^pply to the Nos. 3J or 3JB Sweaters. 



IPALDING SPECIAL JACKET SWEATERS 



No. CDW. Good Quality worsted, 
ribbed knit. Carried in stock in Gray 
only. Supplied on special orders in 
Navy Blue or White only. Trimmed 
edging and cuffs in colors as noted 
above on special orders only. 

Each, $5.00 * $51t.00 Doz. 



No. 3J. Standard Weight, Shaker 
knit, pearl buttons. Carried in 
stock and supplied only in Plain 
Gray. l!ach, $3.50 * $39.00 Doz. 

Spalding Vest Collar Sweater 




No. 3JB. Boys' jacket sweater, w^ith pearl buttons; 
furnished only in sizes from 30 to 36 inches chest 
measurement. Carried in stock and supplied only in 
Plain Gray. Each, S3.00 * $33.00 Doz. 



No. BG. Best quality worsted, good weight; with 
extreme open or low neck. Carried in stock in Gray 
or White only. See list above of colors supplied on 
special orders. Each, S6.60 * $60.00 Doz. 



The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with ir will be qiwted only on orders for one-haif dozen or 
more. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with * 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUftiCATIONS 

AODRESSED TO US 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



"Piict) In tfecl July 5, 1910. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prica tee ipecJal Canadian Catalogue. 



sbSTHE SPALDING 




TRADE-MARK ^K?v^^ 



QUALITY 



Spalding Exercising Equipment for Home Use 



The apparatus listed in this catalogue is designed particularly for private use; i. e., in homes and 
private gymnasiums. It retains the same superior marks of quality w^hich distinguish the regular line 
of gymnasium apparatus manufactured by A. G. Spalding & Bros., and w^hich we supply on contract 
equipment from our Gymnasium Contract Department at Chicopee, Mass. ; but its distinctive design 
permits it to be sold at a price more in keeping with its use than heretofore obtainable, without any 
sacrifice of practical value or durability. We give below suggestions for moderate priced outfits made 
up of various apparatus and exercising implements listed in this catalogue. We issue special catalogues 
showing apparatus which we supply on contract equipment, and copies will be sent to interested parties 
on application to A. G. Spalding & Bros., Inc., Chicopee, Mass., Gymnasium Contract Department. 



No. A. 



No. A Outfit 




Boys* Hom e Exercising Outfit 

Consisting of 
1 No. IH Elastic Home Exerciser. 
1 No. SPG Medicine Ball, canvas cover, 
1 No. A Doorway Horizontal Bar. 
1 set No. 25 Boxing Gloves, youths' 
1 pair No. AW Dumb Bells, wood, 1 lb, 
1 pair No. BS Indian Clubs, 2 lbs. 
1 No. PR Disk Platform, iron. . 
1 No. 15 Striking Bag, leather. 

1 No. 1 Home Gymnasium. 

2 pairs No. 1 Hangers for Dumb Bells 



Suitable for room 12 feet x 16 feet and ovey. 
From one to ten boy* may use at same time. 



and Indian Clubs. 



No. Be Adult or Boys' Home Exercising Outfit 



No. B Oatflt 




Suitable for room 18 feet x 20 feet and ever. 
From one to twelve may use at same tlm»> 



Consisting of 
1 No. 12 Medicine Ball, 6 lb., leather 

cover 

1 pair No. AW Dumb Bells, wood, 1 lb. 
1 pair No. AW Dumb Bells, wood, 1% lb 
1 pair No. BS Indian Clubs, 1?^ lb. , 

1 pair No. BS Indian Clubs, 2 lbs. , 

2 No. S Bar Bells 

4 pairs No. 1 Hangers for Dumb Bells 

and Indian Clubs. . 
1 No. 5 Chest Weight Machine. . 
1 No. 2 Rowing Attachment. 
1 No. 20H Bar Stall. . 
1 No. 205 Bar Stall Bench. 
1 No. 101 Doorway Horizontal Bar. 
1 No. FR Striking Bag Disk. . 
1 No. 10 Striking Bag. 



n.oo 

4.00 
4.00 
I.60 
.35 
.65 
6.00 
2.00 
6.00 

.32 



Total. 824.72 



86.00 

.36 
.46 
.45 
.66 
1.00 

.64 
I 6.00 
8.00 
8.00 
4.00 
2.00 
6.00 
4.00 



Total. 866.44 



PROMPT mENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNIGATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOH J 



"Prices In effect July 5, 1910. Subjul (o change mlhoul notice. For Canadiarx pri^^s tee special Canadian Catalogue. 



sSte THE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK "^rLrTf 



Mpalding Exercising tquipment for KecreaUon ttooms 

Exercising apparatus, suitable for home use, and not altogether by the boys and girls of the nousehold, but 
also by the grown-ups; as a matter of fact, the ones who usually require exercise of a rational kind much 
more than the younger generation, who have the time and inclination for outdoor exercise not possessed by 

many of their elders— that is what we will attempt to show in this section of our catalogue. 
Using Spalding Home Exercising Apparatus, Chest Weights, etc., properly, and in connection with the 
instructions given in our various Athletic Libraries there is no reason why any man cannot practically renew 

his youthful vigor by regular exercise. 

Many banking, mercantile and manufacturing establishments maintain athletic clubs of their employees an(f 

have installed Spalding Outfits of Gymnasium Apparatus in their club and recreation rooms for their use. 

The suggested combinations shown on these pages, illustrate only a few of the sets of exercising apparatus 

which may be made up from the goods listed in this catalogue. 



No 

Consisting of 
3 pairs No. AW Dumb Bells, wood, l^j lb. 
3 pairs No. BS Indian Clubs. 3 lb. 
6 pairs No. 1 Hangers for Dumb Bells 

and Indian Clubs 

1 No. 12 Chest Weight Machine. 

1 No. 119 Laflin Rowing Machine 

1 Abdominal Masseur. 

1 No. 101 Doorway Horizontal Bar. . 

1 pairNo.l Swinging Rings.S-ft. ropes 

1 No. 1 Trapeze, 5 ft. ropes. 

1 No. 01 Mattress. 4 f t. x 6 ft. . 

1 set No. 15 Boxing Gloves, Corbett ' 

pattern 

1 No. FR Striking Bag Disk. . 

1 No. 10 Striking Bag. leather. . . . 

Total. 



C Exercising Outfit 



$73.76 




^ , , No. D Exercising Outfit 

Consisting of ^ 

I No. 12 Medicine Ball, 6 lbs., leather 

cover. . .... 

3 pairs No. BS Indian Clubs. 3 lbs. . 
3 pajrs No. AW Dumb Bells. \h lbs. . 
6 pairs No. 1 Hangers for Dumb Bells 

and Indian Clubs 

1 No. 12 Chest Weight Machine. 

1 No. 119 Laflin Rowi«g Machine. 

1 Abdominal Masseur. 

1 No. 101 Doorway Horizontal Bar. . 

1 pair No. 1 Swinging Rings, 5 ft. rope. 

1 No. 1 Trapeze. 5-ft. ropes. 

1 No. 01 Mattress, 4 f t. x 6 ft. . 

1 set No. 15 Boxing Gloves, Corbett 

pattern 



1 set No. 21 Boxing Gloves, Corbet 

pattern. . . 

1 No. CR Striking Bag Disk, adjustable 
1 No. 18 Striking Bag. 
1 No. 20H Bar Stall . 
1 No. 205 Bar Stall Bench. ^________ 

Total. S99.2g 



3.00 
7.50 
6.00 
8.00 
4.00 




Suitable for room 20 feet x 26 feet and over. 
From one to twenty may use at one time. 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



POe COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



"PrAoet i/> ^td fuiii S. 1910. Suhjed to chonge uxUtoul no/ka. Fot CanoJian priea mt tpeetal Canadian Calahgu^ 



s t[!?e THE SPALDING 



Spalding Exercising Equipmentfor Small Athletic Clubs 

What are to-day the largest, most prominent and most influential athletic clubs and associations in this 
country started from small groups of young men banded together originally as base ball, rowing 
or swimming clubs, and who, with the idea of retaining their organization during the entire year, 
commenced in a small way and in modest quarters to build up a regular athletic organization covering 
a number of athletic sports. With the idea of interesting small athletic clubs, we show on this page two 
medium-priced outfits of gymnasium apparatus suitable for small club rooms. We do not recommend these 
outfits to clubs with a large membership, or to those who are in shape to have a regular gymnasium in a com- 
plete club house. For such organizations, also for schools, colleges and other institutions, we maintain a 
special contract department, with staff of experts who will gladly give full information regarding the complete 
line of Spalding Gymnasium Equipment for regular Indoor or Outdoor Playground use. We issue special 
catalogues showing apparatus that we supply on contract equipment, and copies will be sent to interested 
parties on application to A. G. Spalding & Bros., Inc., Chicopee, Mass., Gymnasium Contract Department. 

No. E Exercising Outfit 



No. E Outfit 




Suitable tor Room 22 feet x 25 feet. 
From one to twenty-two may use at 



same time. 



Coiisisting of 


Prict 


1 No. 12 Medicine Ball, 6 lbs. 


S6.00 


1 No. 13 Medicine Ball, 9 lbs. 


7.00 


3 Pairs No. AW Dumb Bells, 2 lbs. 


1.66 


3 Pairs No. BS Indian Clubs, 3 lbs. 


1.95 


6 Pairs No. 1 Hangers. 


.96 


1 No 600 Rowing Machine. . 


30.00 


1 Abdominal Masseur. 


lO.OO 


1 No. 101 Doorway Horizontal Bar. 


2.00 


1 Pr. No. 1 Swing. Rings, 5-f t. Rope. 


3.50 


1 No. 1 Trapeze 


3.00 


1 No. 01 Mattress, 4 ft. x6 ft. 


I2.00 


1 Set No. 15 Boxing Gloves, Corbett. 


-4.00 


1 Set No 21 Boxing Gloves, Corbett. 


3 OO 


1 No. 1 Moline Striking Bag Disk. 


I2.00 


1 No. 18 Fitzsimmons Striking Bag 


6.00 


1 No. 101 Parallel Bar. 


35. OO 


1 No. 00 Mattress, 3 ft. X 5 ft 


.8.00 


1 Pair No. 6 Sandow Dumb Bella. 


3.00 


Total, 


8149.06 



No. F Exercising Outfit 



No. F Outfit 




>uitable for Room 25 feet x 40 feet, and over. 
From one to fifteen may use at same time. 



Consisting of 

3 Pairs No. A Dumb Bells. I%lb9. 

3 Pairs No. B Indian Clubs. 2 IbS. 

6 Pairs No. 1 Hangers. 

1 No. 600 Rowing Machine. 

1 No. 74 Horizontal and Vaulting Bai 

1 No. 101 Parallel Bar. 

1 Pair No. 1 Swinging Rings. 

1 No. 1 Trapeze 

2 No. 01 Mattresses, 4 feet x 6 feet 
1 No. 1 Vaulting Horse. 

1 No. 3PG Medicine Ball. . 
1 No. IH Elastic Home Exerciser. 



SI .65 

2. to 

96 

30.00 

36. OO 

36. OO 

3.60 

3.00 

24. OO 

60.00 

4.00 

I.OO 



Total, 8200.2 1 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANr COMMUNICATIONS 

AOOBESSEOTOUS 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOK 



"Prices in iffcci July 5, 1910. Subject to change without notice. Foi Qmadian pricet tee ipeaal Canadian dialogue. 



«=^=s=5) 



Basket Ball 
for Women 



-(5=^^^^ 





SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASKET BALL 
GUIDE FOR WOMEN FOR 1911 

Edited by MISS SENDA BERENSON. of Smith College 

HE OFFICIAL HANDBOOK OF THE GAME. 

Contains the newly revised rules for women's 
basket ball with explanatory questions and 
answers; ' 'Athletics for Women/' by the editor; 
"Danger of Unsupervised Basket Ball/' by 
Elizabeth Wright, Director of Physical Training, Radcliif e 
College; "Should Men Manage or Coach Girls in Athlet- 
ics ?" by James E. Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer of the 
Amateur Athletic Union and Member of the Board of 
Education of Greater New York ; ' * How to Train Begin- 
ners in Basket Ball," by Julie Ellsbee Sullivan, Manual 
Training High School, Brooklyn; "Basket Ball in the 
Public Schools of Greater New York," Miss Elizabeth 
Burchenal, Inspector of Public Schools Athletics, Greater 
New York; "Basket Ball for the Student Body," by 
Julie Elsbee Sullivan; "Basket Ball for Women in the 
South." by J. E. Lombard, Physical Director Public 
Schools, New Orleans. Illustrated with pictures of 
prominent women's teams. 

PRICE lO CENTS 

American Sports Publishing Company 
21 Warren Street, New York 




yj 



I 



m 




m 



H 



mm 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 
CROUP XIU- No. 331. 

Selioolyard 
Athletics 

By J. E. SULLIVAN 

President Amalenr Athletic Union; 
Member Board of Education Greater New York. 

THE great interest in ath- 
letics that has developed 
in the public schools 
within recent years has led to 
the compilation of this book 
with a view to the systemiza- 

tion of the various events that form the distinctively 
athletic feature of school recreation. With its aid any 
teacher should be able to conduct a successful meet, while' 
the directions given for becoming expert in the various 
lines will appeal to the pupil. Some of the leading 
athletes have contributed chapters on their specialties* 
Ray Ewry, holder of the world's high jump record, tells 
how to practice for that event; Harry Hillman, holder of 
the hurdle and three-legged records, gives hints on hurdle 
racing and three-legged racing; Martin Sheridan, all- 
around champion of America, gives directions for putting 
the shot; Harry F. Porter, high jump expert, describes 
how to become proficient in that event. The book is 
illustrated with photos taken especially for it in public 
schoolyards. PRICE 10 CENTS 




PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSEO TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



I ef^ecl July 5, 1910. Subject lo chamt wilhout nolicc Fat Canadian prices see speaal Canadian Catalogue 



Girls' Athletics 



'^he Official Handbook of the 
Qirls' "Public Schools Athletic 
League of Greater New York 



EDITED BY MISS JESSIE H. BANCROFT 

Assistant Director Physical Training, Public Schools of Greater New York 




HIS book is a necessity in every classroom, containing as 
it does complete instructions for directing the athletic 
activities of a girls' school. A partial list of the con- 
tents is given herev^ith. 

Athletics for elementary and high schools ; how to organize clubs. By-Laws and rules of the 
Board of Education on Athletics, Folk Dancing, Field Days, Holidays, Entertainments, etc. 
Competition— Eligibility for, elementary and high schools. Folk Dancing as an athletic event — 
How judged at meets ; approved dances for elementary and high schools. Rules for meets and 
contests. Instruction classes for teachers. Park fetes. Plan of outdoor athletics for elementary 
schools. Walking as a feature of the outdoor athletic plan. Charts of walks. Classroom 
games. Numerous other subjects. Illustrated with photos taken especially for this book. 




Mailed postpaid on receipt of 10 cents by the publishers 

American Sports Publishing Company 
21 Warren Street, New York 



I 



s5S?E THE SPALDING 



TRADE-MARK "^rrrl^^ 




SPALDING'S 
WOMEN'S ^1^ 
GYMNASTIC I 
SUITJJP 

[AS SUPPLIED TO THE LEADING] | 
GIRLS' COLLEGES AND SCHOOLsJ I 

Consisting of 

Blouse . . . $3.50 

(With Emblem on Sleeve) 

Bloomers . $4.50 
Skirt 

Good quality serge 
Plain circular . . . $6.00 
Pleated 5.00 

Necktie . . $1.75 
Shoes 

Various styles and prices from 
90c. to $3.50 per pair 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS, equip many of the leading educational institutions 
tJiroughout the country and invite correspondence reJative to outfitting teams. 
\ddress the nearest Spalding store, a Ust of which is given on second page of cover. 



PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TOl 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



AG. SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COYER 

OF THIS BOOK 



'^''"' "• '^«' M 5,1910. SubMC ,0 change wUhou, nolicc. For Canadian price, «e ,p«,a/ Canadian Calclofut. 



ACCEPT NO 
SUBSTITUTE 



l!l*^:/iUi]i:M(d 




^ 



The Only Official Association Foot Ball 



An old favorite — just as popular as ever 




October i, 1909. 
Messrs. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., 

m-128 Nassau Street, New York City. 
Dear Sirs : I wish to thank you for the ball you sent 
me on Saturday and which we used in the Inter- 
national Soccer Match {Pilgrims of England vs. All 
New York) at Staten Island. Cricket Chib Grounds, 
Saturday, October 2d. It gave perfect satisfaction and 
held its shape well. I trust you will have great suc- 
cess in your sales. I feel sure chibs cannot do better^. 
than buy this ball. Yours very tndy, 

HARRY MAN LEY, 

Chairman Stalen fslaitd Fool Ball Club. 
President New York Slate Foot Ball Association. 

Chicago, October 23. 1909 
Messrs. A. G. SPALDING & BROS, 

H7 Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. 
Gentlemen : We have used your Official Association 
Foot Ball for our games played in the United Staten, 
and have found this ball to be perfectly satisfactory 
in every respect. Yours tndy, 

FRED H. MILNES, 

Captain-Manager " Pilgrims" Fool Ball Club. England. 



THE SPALDING OFFICIAL 

ASSOCIATION 

"SOCCER" 

FOOT BALL 

THE case of our No. L Ball is constructed 
in four sections with capless ends, neat in 
appearance and very serviceable. Material 
and workmanship are of highest quality and 
fully guaranteed. Each ball is packed complete 
in sealed box, with pure Para rubber (no com- 
position) guaranteed bladder, foot ball inflater, 
rawhide lace and lacing needle. Contents 

guaranteed if seal is unbroken. 

Used by the Pilgrims and all other prominent 

Soccer Teams the world over. 

No. L. Each, $5.00 



WE GUARANTEE every Spald- 
ing Foot Ball to be perfect in 
material and workmanship and correct 
in shape and size when inspected at our 
factory. If any defect is discovered 
during the first game in which it is used, 
or during the first day's practice use, and 
if returned at once, we will replace same 
under this guarantee. We do not guar- 
antee against ordinary wear nor against 
defect in shape or size that is not dis- 
covered immediately after the first day's 
use. Owing to the superb quality of 
every Spalding Foot Ball, our customers 
have grown to expect a season's use of 
one ball, and at times make unreason- 
able claims under our guarantee, which 
we will not y^ y^ n - ^ ^ 
allow. ^^Zy <:^^U2-^<^ Z/:^.^ 



PROMPT AHENHQN GIVEN TO I 

ANT COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOH 



■PWai in tfftcl July 5, 1910. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian pricu sec special Canadian Calalugu 



suSte THE SPALDING 








Spalding 
''Omcial 
National 
League" 

Mco. u.*.»*T. ore 

Ball 



Official Ball 
of the Game 
for over 
Thirty Years 



DOPTED by the National League in 1878, and the only ball used in Cham* 
pionship games since that time. Each ball wrapped in tinfoil, packed in 
a separate box, and sealed in accordance with the latest League regula- 
tions. Warranted to last a full game when used under ordinary conditions. 



No. 1. Each* $1.25 



Per Dozen. $15.00 



tPROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



AGSPAliDING & BROS. 

STORES (N ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



'Pncu V* eject July 5, 1910. Subject to change without notice For Canadian prica $ee special Canadian Catalogue. 



SKeTHE SPALDING 



TRADEMARK 



GUARANTEES 
QUALITY 



:SSSJh£::~-i^ 



rDiirand-Steel] 
^ lockers M^ 

^^ooden lockers are objectionable* 

because they attract vermin, absorb odors, 
can be easily broken into, and are dangerous 
on account of fire. 

Lockers made from wire mesh 6t 
expanded metal afford little secur- 
ity, as they can be easily entered with wire cut- 
ters. Clothes placed in them become coveredl 
with dust, and the lockers themselves present 
a poor appearance, resembling animal cages. 
Durand-Steel Lockers are made of finest 
grade furniture steel and are finished with 
gloss black, furnace-baked japan (400°), comparable 
to that used on hospital ware, which will never flake 
off nor require refinishing, as do paints and enamels. 






8omd 
PubMo 




of (Ti6 6,000 Ourand-Steel Lockers Installed In thO 
Gymnasiums of Chicago. I2'x I5'x42', Double Tier. 

Durand-Steel Lockers are usually built with 
doors perforated full length in panel design with sides 
and backs solid. This prevents clothes in one locker 
from coming in contact with wet garments 
in adjoining lockers, while plenty of venti- 
lation is secured by having the door perfo- 
rated its entire length, but, if the purchaser 
prefers, we perforate the backs also, r 

The cost of Durand-Steel Lockers 
Is no more than that of first-class 
wooden lockers, and they last as long 
as the building, are sanitary, secure, and, 
ill addition, are fire-proof. 

The following Standard Sizes are 
those most commonly used: 



DOUBLE TIER 
12 X 12 X 36 Inch 
15 X IB x36 Inch 
12 X 12 x42 Inch 
ISx 19x42 Inch 



SINGLE TIER 
I2x 12x60 Inch 
IBx IBx60 Inch 
I2x I2x 72 Inch 
IBx IBX72 Inch 



•is b9«Mr* In Deubl* Tl*. 



Thr*« k90k«ra In Sln^l* Tl«r 



Speclax, Sizes made to order, c^ 
We are handling lockers as a special con- 
tract business, and shipment will in every 
case be made direct from the factory in 
Chicago. 1 f you will let us know the num- 
ber of lockers, size and arrangement, we 
shall be glad to take up, through sfirre- 
epondence, the matter of pricea. 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I 

ANY COMMUNICATIONS 

ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 

SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER 

OF THIS BOOK 



'PH'O in e#«<:/ /"(y 5. 1910. Suhje, 



■cl to change without noltcc For Canadian pricti see ipecial Canadian Calalogut. 



The foUowmg index from 
late^ Catalogues will give 
the great variety of Athl 
I ^ manufadured by A. G. Spald 




Ankle Brace ... 44 
Ankle Supporter . t 11 
Ash Bars .... 78 
Athletic Library , . 94, 95 
Atta':hment8, Chest Weight 80 
Bags- 
Caddy . , , . 66 
Striking, , i .72.73 
Balls- 



.54,93 
24. 25, 54 

. 3-5 
14 

. 16, 17 
65 
64 



Basket . , 

Foot, College 

Foot, Rugby * 

Foot, Soccer . 

Golf . i 

Hand . . 

Indoor . , 

Lacrosse . 

Medicine , 

Playground . 

Polo .... 

Squash .... 

Volley . . „ . 64 



54 

62.54 

49 



. 82. 83 



Water Polo . 

Ball Cleaner, Golf . 

Bandages, Elastic . 

Bar Bells . . . 

Bar Stalls . . . 

Bars- 
Horizontal , , 
Parallel , . , .83 

Bases- 
Indoor . * . ^) ., 52 

Bathing Suits . ^ . SE 

Bats- 
Indoor .... 62 

Belts- 
Leather and Worsted . 11 



Elastic . 
Bladders — 

Basket Ball . 

Foot Ball 

Striking Bag 
Blades, Fencing 

Caddy Badges . 

Caps- 
Skull . . 
University . ■ 
Water Polo , 

Chest Weights . 

Circle, Seven-Foot 

Clock Golf 

Corks, Running 

Cross Bars 

Discus, Olympic 

Discs- 
Marking . . 
Rubber Golf . 

Disks, Striking Bag 

Dumb Bella . 

Emblems . . 

Embroidery 

Exerciser. Homo 

Felt Letters . 

Fencing Sticks . 

Fmger Protection 

FUgs— 
College . 
Marking, Golf 

Foils, Fencing . 

Foot Balls- 
Association . 
.College 



13 



. 25 
6. 14. 17 



. 67 

67 

. 74, 75 

. 76. 77 



.31.33 

90 

. 25 

.34.35 
. 67 

. 90 

. 16, 17 
. 8-5 
. 14 



PAGE 
Foot Ball Goal Nets . 17 
Foot Ball Timer . . 5 

Gloves- 
Boxing . . . . 70. 71 
Fencing .... 91 
Foot Ball ... 13 
Golf .... 67 
Handball ... 64 
Hockey, Ice . . '. 47 
Lacrosse . »■ , 69 
Goals- 
Basket Balf ... 25 
Foot Ball ... 17 
Hockey, Ice , . . 47 
Lacrosse . . . 6vt 
Goal Cage, Polo . . 49 
Golf Clubs . . . 63, 64 
Golfette . . . .67 
Grips- 
Athletic « » -i 61 
Golf . ... 67 
Gymnasium, Home . . 79 
Gymnasium Board, Home 85 
Gymnasium.Home Outfits 86-88 



□ammers 

Hangers for Indian Clubs 

Hat Bands, 

Hats, University 

Head Harness . . .8, 

Health Pull . . 

Hob Nails . . . .67, 

Hockey Sticks, Ice . .46, 

Holder, Basket Ball, Canvas, 

Hole Cutter, Golf . 

Hole Rim, Golf , » . i 

Horse. Vaulting « , 

Hurdles, Safety/ « 

Indian Clubs » , . ^- ' 
Inflaters— 

Foot Ball 

Striking Bag ., , ' 

Jackets- 
Fencing . * . ! 
FootB^U . ., . 
Javelins .... I 
Jerseys . . 15.20,21.' 

Knee Prqtectors . . 26. ! 
Knickerbockers. Foot Ball 



I^ce, Foot Ball 




6 


Lacrosse . 




69 


Lanes for Sprints , 




69 


Leggings, Klip 




10 


Leg Guards- 






Foot Ball . . 




8 


Ice Hockey , -^ 




48 


Polo . . * 




49 


Letters - 






Embroidered 




33 


Felt . . . 


<» 


?1 


Liniment. "Mike Murphy" 


13 


Masks- 






Fencing ... 




fll 


Nose ... 






Masseur. Abdominal 
Mattresses, Gymnasiun 




85 




84 


Mattresses, Wrestling 




65 


Megaphones 




34 


Mitte- 






Handball . , 




64 


Striking Baff. , 




73 


MwCttSin* . , , 




87 



Monograms 
Mouthpiece, Foot Ball 
Muffler . . . 

Needle, Lacing » 

Nets- 
Golf Driving 
Volley Ball . 

Numbers, Competitors' 

Pads- 
Chamois, Fencing 
Foot Ball 
Wrestling 

Paint. Golf 

Pants- 
Basket Ball . 
Boys' Knee . 
Foot Ball, College . 
Foot Ball. Rugby . 
Hockey, Ice . 
Running . . 

Pennants. College . 

Pistol, Starter's 

Plastrons, Fencing . 

Plates— ■ 
Teeing. Golf . 

Platforms, Striking Bag 

Poles- 
Ski . . . . 
Vaulting 

Polo. Roller, Goods . 

Protectors- 
Abdomen 
Eye Glass 
Indoor Base Ball . 
Thumb .... 

Protection, Running Shoes 

Pucks. Hockey, Ice . 

Push Ball . 

Pushers, Chamois . 

Quoits . .' 

Racks, Golf Bait . 

Racquets, Squash . 

Rapiers 

Referee's.Whistle « 

Rings- 
Exercising , ,, 
Swinging . ^ 

Rowing.Machines » 

Sacks, for Sack Racing 

Sandals, Snow Shoe 

Sandow Dumb Bells 

Scabbards. Skate s 

Score Books- 
Basket Ball » ^ 

Shin Guards- 
Association « • 
College .' i « 

Shirts- 
Athletic « • , 
Soccer . • • 

Shoes- 
Basket Bali « , 
Fencing . 

Foot Ball, Association 
Foot Ball, College , 
Foot Ball, Rugby 
Foot Ball. Soccer 
Golf . . 
Gymnasiunj . 
Jumping . 
Running . 
Skating . . 
Squash « « 



34, 



74,75 



^ 84 
, 79. 84 
> 81 



Race. 



15 
18 
68 
27 
61 
60,61 
45 



Shot- 
Athletic . 
Indoor . 
Massage , 
Skates- 
Ice . i 

Roller . 
Skate Bag . 
Skate Key 
Skate Rollei-3 
Skate Straps 
Skate Sundries 
Skis . 
Sleeve Bands. College 
Snow Shoes 
Squash Goods . 
Standards — 

Vaulting 

Volley Ball . 
Straps— 

Kor Three-Legged 

Skate 
Sticks. Polo 
Stockings . 

Foot Ball 
Stop Boards 
Striking Bags < 
Suits- 
Base Ball. Indoor 

Basket Ball . 

Gymnasium . 

Gymnasium. Lad 

Running 

Soccer 

Union. Jfoot Ball 

Water Polo . 
Supporters 

Ankle . 

Wrist . 
Suspensories 
Sweaters . 
Swivels, Striking Bag 
Swords, Fencing 
Swords. Duelling 

Tackling Machine 

Take-Off Board 

Tape- 
Measuring Steel 

Tees. Golf . . 

Tether Tennis . 

Tights- 
Full . . 
Full. Wrestling 
Knee , . 

Toboggans 

Toboggan Cushions 

Toe Boards 

Toques 

Trapeze'. Adjustable 

Trapeze. Single 

Trousers. Y.M.C.A 

Trunks- 
Velvet . 
Worsted . 



. 3S, 43 

49. 60. 51 

. 44 



59 

44 

49 

. 10 

16 

. 59 

. 72. 73 



6 
55 

12.13 
11 
13 
12 

22,23 
72 



Uniforms. Base Ball. Indoor 63 



Wands. Calistlienic 
Watches, Stop . 
Weights, 56-lb. 
Whistles, Referee's 
Whitely Exercisers . . 
Wrestling Equipment 
Wriat Machine . . 



OK ^ 

Standard Policy 

A Standard Quality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. 

Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a manufacturer to long 
maintain a Standard Quality. 

To market his groods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a profit for the jobber as 
well as the retail dealer. To meet these conditions of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to 
set a proportionately high list price on his goods to the consumer. 

To enable the glib salesman, when booking his orders, to figure out attractive profits to both the 
jobber and retailer, these high list prices are absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been 
served when the manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured his 
order from the retailer. 

However, th'ese deceptive high list prices are not fair to the consumer, who does not, and, in 
reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. 

When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading but alluring high list 
prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and grapples with the situation as best he 
can, by offering "special discounts," which vary with local trade conditions. 

Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer and the jobber are 
assured; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices to the consumer, the keen competition 
amongst the local dealers invariably leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of 
the retailer are practically eliminated. 

This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. -^The jobber insists on lower, and still 
lower, prices. The manufacturer in his turn, meets this demand for the lowering of prices by the 
only way open to him, viz. : the cheapening and degrading of the quality of his product. 

The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that, ten years ago, in 1899, A. G. Spalding 
^& Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic Goods Trade, and inaugurated what 
has since become known as "The Spalding Policy." 

The "Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding Goods are concerned, 
and the retail dealer secures his supply of Spalding Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer 
under a restricted retail price arrangement by which the retail dealer is assured a fair, legitimate and 
certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and the consumer is assured a Standard Quality and is 
protected from imposition. 

The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the users of Athletic Goods, 
and acts in two ways: 

First— The user is assured of genuine Official Standard Athletic Goods, and 

the same fixed prices to everybody. 
Second— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in purchasing at 
the proper time, the very best raw materials required in the manufacture 
of our various goods, well ahead of their respective seasons, and this enables 
us to provide the necessary quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding 
Standard of Quality. ^ 

All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are required to supply consumers at our 
regular printed catalogue prices — neither more nor less— the same prices that similar goods are sold 
for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. 

All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated exactly alike, and no 
special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone. 

Positively, nobody; not even officers, managers, salesmen or other employes of A. G. Spalding 
& Bros. , or any of their relatives or personal friends, can buy Spalding Athletic Goods at a discount 
from the regular catalogue prices. 

This, briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful operation for the 
past ten years, and will be indefinitely continued. 

In other words, " The Spalding Policy " is a " square deal " for everybody. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

By 



PBESIDENT, ^x' 



One copy del. to Cat. Div. 



An article that is universally given the appellation "Standard** is thereby 
conceded to be the Criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar nature. 
For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the Standard unit of currency, 
because it must legally contain a specific proportion of pure gold, and the fact of its 
being Genuine is guaranteed by the Government Stamp thereon. As a protection to 
the users of this currency against counterfeiting and other tricks, considerable money 
is expended in maintaining a Secret Service Bureau of Experts. Under the law, citizen 
manufacturers must depend to a great extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices 
to protect themselves against counterfeit products— without the aid of "Government 
Detectives" or "Public Opinion" to assist them. 

Consequently the "Consumer's Protection " against misrepresentation and "in- 
ferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the ' 'Manufacturer." 

A. G. Spalding & Bros, have, by their rigorous attention to "Quality," for thirty- 
three years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known throughout the world as a 
Guarantee of Quality as dependable in their field as the U. S. Currency is in its field. 

The necessity of upholding the guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and main- 
taining the Standard Quality of their Athletic Goods, is, therefore, as obvious as is the 
necessity of the Government in maintaining a Standard Currency. 

Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other con- 
sumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade-Mark and all 
that it stands for. Therefore, we urge all users of our Athletic Goods to assist us in 
maintaining the Spalding Standard of Excellence, by insisting that our Trade-Mark be 
plainly stamped on all athletic goods which they buy, because without this precaution 
our best efforts towards maintaining Standard Quality and preventing fraudulent 
substitution will be ineffectual. 

Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer the reputation of being 
high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by makers of "inferior 
goods," with whom low prices are the main consideration. 

A manufacturer of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold and a 
guarantee to protect, must necessarily have higher prices than a manufacturer of cheap 
goods, whose idea of and basis for a claim for Standard Quality depends principally 
upon the eloquence of the salesman. 

We know from experience that there is no quicksand more unstable than poverty 
in quality— and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Quality. 




"7^^^ 



j^/l^tJn^ 



\ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 



ATHI^BTIC JbX 




005 900 779 8 



A separate book covers evj 

and is Official and "Standard 
Price 10 cents each 



GRAND PRIZE 



GRAND PRIX 




ST. LOUIS. 1904 



Spalding 



PARIS, 1900 



ATHLETIC GOODS 

ARE THE STANDARD OF THE WORLD 



A. G.Spalding "SI Bros. 

MAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES m the FOLLOWING CITIES: 



NEW YORK CHICAGO 

PHILADELPHIA ST. LOUIS 

BOSTON KANSAS 

BALTIMORE MINNI 

WASHINGTON SAN 

PITTSBURG CI 

BUFFALO ] 

SYRACUSE 

NEW ORLEANS 
ON, ENGLAND ATLANTA 



LONDON, ENGLAND 



CHICAGO 
ST. LOUIS 

KANSAS CITY 
MINNEAPOLIS 
N SAN FRANCISCO 

^G CINCINNATI 

.0 DENVER 

CUSE DETROIT 

V ORLEANS CLEVELAND 
FLANTA SEATTLE 



BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND DALLAS 
EDINBURGH. SCOTLAND 
SYDNEY. AUSTRALIA 



COLUMBUS 
ST. PAUL 
MONTREAL. CANADA 



Factories owned and operated by A.C.Spaldiny & Bros, antl where all of Spaldinjr 
'e-Markcd Athletic Goods are made arc located in the follov/inj cities: 



NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO CHICOPEE, MASS. 
JBROOKLYN"^ BOSTON PHILADEXPHIA LOBTDON. ENG. 



CONGRESS 




005 900 779 8 4^ 



